CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2023-34048

VMware vCenter Server Out-of-Bounds Write Vulnerability

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Jan 22, 2024). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 9.8. EPSS estimates 99.4% exploit likelihood as of Aug 26, 2026.

87.1–92.4Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

vCenter Server contains an out-of-bounds write vulnerability in the implementation of the DCERPC protocol. A malicious actor with network access to vCenter Server may trigger an out-of-bounds write potentially leading to remote code execution.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Oct 25, 2023
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
97%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    vmware

    Record text: VMware vCenter Server Out-of-Bounds Write Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    VMware vCenter Server Out-of-Bounds Write Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: VMware vCenter Server Out-of-Bounds Write Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    VMware vCenter Server Out-of-Bounds Write Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 99.43% probability · 99.94th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.994280000000; percentile 0.999390000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Jan 22, 2024 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood99.43%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 26, 2026 · 99.9th percentile · first observed Aug 26, 2026

SeverityCVSS 9.8

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

Outside this view’s verified evidence

Reason detail begins outside this selected snapshot; the state remains source-bound.

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
vmwareOriginal assertion
Record text

VMware vCenter Server Out-of-Bounds Write Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
VMware vCenter Server Out-of-Bounds Write Vulnerability
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

VMware vCenter Server Out-of-Bounds Write Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
VMware vCenter Server Out-of-Bounds Write Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

99.43% probability · 99.94th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.994280000000; percentile 0.999390000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
37Underlying assertions
1Canonical products
37Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

7 scope groups

CISA-ADP · source assertedvmwarecloud_foundationDirect source scope
Affected: 4.0 to before KB88287 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "4.0", "lessThan": "KB88287", "versionType": "custom"}]
CISA-ADP · source assertedvmwarecloud_foundationDirect source scope
Affected: 5.0 to before KB88287 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "5.0", "lessThan": "KB88287", "versionType": "custom"}]
CISA-ADP · source assertedvmwarevcenter_serverDirect source scope
Affected: 7.0 to before 7.0U3o (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "7.0", "lessThan": "7.0U3o", "versionType": "custom"}]
CISA-ADP · source assertedvmwarevcenter_serverDirect source scope
Affected: 8.0 to before 8.0U2 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "8.0", "lessThan": "8.0U2", "versionType": "custom"}]
vmware · source assertedVMwareVMware Cloud Foundation (VMware vCenter Server)Direct source scope
Affected: 5.xAffected: 4.x
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "5.x"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "4.x"}]
vmware · source assertedVMwareVMware vCenter ServerDirect source scope
Affected: 8.0 to before 8.0U2 (8.0U2 comparison)Affected: 7.0 to before 7.0U3o (7.0U3o comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "8.0", "lessThan": "8.0U2", "versionType": "8.0U2"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "7.0", "lessThan": "7.0U3o", "versionType": "7.0U3o"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONvmwarevcenter_serverVulnerable target · 37 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 4.0, <= 5.5); Version 7.0; Version 8.0Canonical identity product-7b67c9fc3345279c14c2ffdcfdb4cfa4924c4b40fd0abb29ff5aeb5ac44092a7Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:7.0:update1d:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 9
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    85dd238c-ef73-44f0-928e-a94ff5c4b378
  2. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:7.0:update2b:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 12
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    8d30a78e-16d0-4a2e-a2f8-f6073698243e
  3. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:7.0:update3c:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 17
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    58597f18-0b23-4d21-9aba-d9773958f10e
  4. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:7.0:update2d:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 14
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    b266439f-e911-4c95-9d27-88df96ddccd5
  5. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:7.0:update1c:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 8
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    0fc6765a-6584-45a8-9b21-4951d2ea8939
  6. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:7.0:update3h:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 22
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    008aea0f-116b-4af8-b3a7-3041cce25235
  7. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:8.0:update1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 33
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    c745a7e6-4760-48cd-b7c4-1c2c20217f21
  8. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:8.0:a:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 30
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    efe63984-f69b-4593-9aec-d179d6d98b08
  9. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:7.0:update3a:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 16
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    3bad2012-5c82-4ea9-a780-9bf1da5a18ab
  10. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:7.0:update3d:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 18
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    adf46c54-313b-4742-a074-eea0a6554680
  11. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 4.0; through including 5.5
    Match ID
    561a702a-db0c-4e67-af6c-9994b99da56c
  12. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:8.0:c:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 32
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    16f3d992-9f48-4604-9aaf-dc2d1ce98be2
  13. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:7.0:update3l:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 26
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    3a422d04-48df-4a16-94f8-d5702cc2782d
  14. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:8.0:b:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 31
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    34d1f3b3-8e3f-4e4d-8ee6-2f593663b5cc
  15. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:8.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 29
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    cc974ca1-88d3-42e4-bf1f-28870f8171b5
  16. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:7.0:update2a:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 11
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    0da882b6-d811-4e4b-b614-2d48f0b9036e
  17. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:7.0:update1a:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 7
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    8725e544-2a94-4829-a683-1ecce57a74a6
  18. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:7.0:update2c:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 13
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    188e103e-9568-4ce0-a984-141b2a9e82d2
  19. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:7.0:update2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 10
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    f4ca36c1-732e-41ae-b847-f7411b753f3d
  20. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:7.0:update3k:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 25
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    455dd46e-a071-476d-8914-767485e45f35
  21. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:7.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    5fa81ccd-a05e-498c-820e-21980e92132f
  22. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:7.0:update3:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 15
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    6508a908-ef14-4a72-ac75-5da6f8b98a0e
  23. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:7.0:b:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    fb563627-c9cf-4d8a-b882-9ab65eae9e15
  24. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:7.0:c:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    dca03b2a-48b2-48ad-b8eb-9d7bb2016819
  25. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:7.0:update3n:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 28
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    34d8b182-4e71-4655-8dd8-743a3ef6dc8b
  26. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:7.0:update3i:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 23
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    ee486b2f-aed4-4fce-a674-dfc25844feff
  27. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:7.0:update1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 6
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    6d731c1a-9fe5-461c-97e2-6f45e4cbabe1
  28. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:7.0:update3e:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 19
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    9587f800-57bc-44b6-870e-95691684fc46
  29. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:7.0:update3g:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 21
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    956cea8c-f8c4-41bd-85b4-44fe3a772e50
  30. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:7.0:update3j:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 24
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    4f73aa9e-51e9-4fa0-813d-ad05fdc3ef94
  31. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:7.0:d:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    a2392d0f-d7a2-4e01-9212-1ba6c895aebf
  32. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:7.0:a:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    0ee83406-a3d9-4f75-a1a6-63831cebeec1
  33. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:8.0:update1b:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 35
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    8c27c660-e917-4944-8b4c-41d9622b76d7
  34. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:8.0:update1a:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 34
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    a5522514-8ed9-45db-9036-33fe40d77e7d
  35. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:7.0:update3m:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 27
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    806e9219-cdf4-4e62-978e-334e96a94ba6
  36. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:7.0:update3f:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 20
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    ad148a75-5076-416d-afd6-0f281da0a82b
  37. cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:8.0:update1c:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 36
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    56cfb469-b3e6-4503-a47c-d18206d4d19a

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

0 canonical links · 0 source-reported links

Applicability remains source-scoped; safety and exposure remain unassessed.

Assessments

CVSS by origin

9.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8
security@vmware.comCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8
vmwareCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Affected-product evidence remains source-scoped; canonical linkage is required before applicability scoring.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.