CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2023-3519

Unauthenticated remote code execution

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Jul 19, 2023). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 9.8. EPSS estimates 99.7% exploit likelihood as of Oct 16, 2026.

84.5–93.2Priority evidence range
Evidence through Oct 22, 2026, 6:07 PM UTC

As of Oct 22, 2026

Normalized restatement

Unauthenticated remote code execution

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Jul 19, 2023
Updated
Aug 5, 2026
Evidence coverage
85%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    Citrix

    Record text: Unauthenticated remote code execution

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Unauthenticated remote code execution
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Citrix NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway Code Injection Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Citrix NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway Code Injection Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 99.75% probability · 99.96th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.997490000000; percentile 0.999550000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Jul 19, 2023 · first observed Sep 1, 2026

Exploit likelihood99.75%

FIRST EPSS · score date Oct 16, 2026 · 100th percentile · first observed Oct 16, 2026

SeverityCVSS 9.8

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Aug 6, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusLast verified source snapshot retained

The last verified source boundary remains in force for this claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Resolution
Review source contract
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CitrixOriginal assertion
Record text

Unauthenticated remote code execution

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Unauthenticated remote code execution
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Citrix NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway Code Injection Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Citrix NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway Code Injection Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

99.75% probability · 99.96th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.997490000000; percentile 0.999550000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
7Underlying assertions
2Canonical products
7Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

4 scope groups

Citrix · source assertedCitrixNetScaler ADCDirect source scope
Affected: 13.1 to before 49.13 (patch comparison)Affected: 13.0 to before 91.13 (patch comparison)Affected: 13.1-FIPS to before 37.159 (patch comparison)Affected: 12.1-FIPS to before 55.297 (patch comparison)Affected: 12.1-NDcPP to before 55.297 (patch comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "13.1", "lessThan": "49.13", "versionType": "patch"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "13.0", "lessThan": "91.13", "versionType": "patch"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "13.1-FIPS", "lessThan": "37.159", "versionType": "patch"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "12.1-FIPS", "lessThan": "55.297", "versionType": "patch"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "12.1-NDcPP", "lessThan": "55.297", "versionType": "patch"}]
Citrix · source assertedCitrixNetScaler GatewayDirect source scope
Affected: 13.1 to before 49.13 (patch comparison)Affected: 13.0 to before 91.13 (patch comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "13.1", "lessThan": "49.13", "versionType": "patch"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "13.0", "lessThan": "91.13", "versionType": "patch"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONcitrixnetscaler_application_delivery_controllerVulnerable target · 5 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 12.1, < 12.1-55.297); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 13.0, < 13.0-91.13); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 13.1, < 13.1-37.159); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 13.1, < 13.1-49.13)Canonical identity product-698b699e3cb954f9bb1c9b64d30a2b05877d903ca4042465e866b06d7d56b465Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:citrix:netscaler_application_delivery_controller:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 13.1; through excluding 13.1-49.13
    Match ID
    fceed8ac-f9a9-4f75-bb32-f53967a8e9a0
  2. cpe:2.3:a:citrix:netscaler_application_delivery_controller:*:*:*:*:fips:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 12.1; through excluding 12.1-55.297
    Match ID
    8927b2fa-f87e-4d81-ac29-9032184ecb7e
  3. cpe:2.3:a:citrix:netscaler_application_delivery_controller:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 13.0; through excluding 13.0-91.13
    Match ID
    ad949674-8dc1-4b0d-8c0c-f593539e12f1
  4. cpe:2.3:a:citrix:netscaler_application_delivery_controller:*:*:*:*:fips:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 13.1; through excluding 13.1-37.159
    Match ID
    bd0739e3-f7a4-463c-96b0-9d7bdbf218c4
  5. cpe:2.3:a:citrix:netscaler_application_delivery_controller:*:*:*:*:ndcpp:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 12.1; through excluding 12.1-55.297
    Match ID
    9845e7b1-5604-497d-8241-048e91987c13
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONcitrixnetscaler_gatewayVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 13.0, < 13.0-91.13); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 13.1, < 13.1-49.13)Canonical identity product-22e4fbefa2f721b35fa638467110ee91acacd31f29e7473b059c6b09738443c7Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:citrix:netscaler_gateway:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 13.0; through excluding 13.0-91.13
    Match ID
    bc825a83-8d84-42c7-868f-0470ff79d497
  2. cpe:2.3:a:citrix:netscaler_gateway:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 6
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 13.1; through excluding 13.1-49.13
    Match ID
    442f6925-199d-4e5b-84c1-05c4d8108b62

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

0 canonical links · 2 source-reported links

Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
217a8c36-7358-47cb-891a-11d6b3aca8d554ebb35d-8456-438c-8239-0c4ad0d5a54a
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
7
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
08d156b3-7ff4-441c-b4e2-1c52ba132e912edb1be9-f01f-4dfb-a588-c896e478598384384b2b-55a1-4922-84af-ac449488813fac7357be-3533-48d2-a1d1-2999600da13fc00fdeb6-b8ed-4162-be61-45617ec9a579d1cc98e8-4723-4d11-b675-546476bc9e5ed1d04a4e-174c-456b-86df-c0f0776bd909

Assessments

CVSS by origin

9.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8
secure@citrix.comCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8
CitrixCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

9.8Priority eligible

Citrix

CVSS 3.1 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
9.8
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.