CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2023-45249

Remote command execution due to use of default passwords.

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Jul 29, 2024). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 9.8. EPSS estimates 53.3% exploit likelihood as of Aug 26, 2026.

81.7–88.6Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

Remote command execution due to use of default passwords. The following products are affected: Acronis Cyber Infrastructure (ACI) before build 5.0.1-61, Acronis Cyber Infrastructure (ACI) before build 5.1.1-71, Acronis Cyber Infrastructure (ACI) before build 5.2.1-69, Acronis Cyber Infrastructure (ACI) before build 5.3.1-53, Acronis Cyber Infrastructure (ACI) before build 5.4.4-132.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Jul 24, 2024
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
90%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    Acronis

    Record text: Remote command execution due to use of default passwords. The following products are affected: Acronis Cyber Infrastructure (ACI) before build 5.0.1-61, Acronis Cyber Infrastructure (ACI) before build 5.1.1-71, Acronis Cyber Infrastructure (ACI) before build 5.2.1-69, Acronis Cyber Infrastructure (ACI) before build 5.3.1-53, Acronis Cyber Infrastructure (ACI) before build 5.4.4-132.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Remote command execution due to use of default passwords. The following products are affected: Acronis Cyber Infrastructure (ACI) before build 5.0.1-61, Acronis Cyber Infrastructure (ACI) before build 5.1.1-71, Acronis Cyber Infrastructure (ACI) before build 5.2.1-69, Acronis Cyber Infrastructure (ACI) before build 5.3.1-53, Acronis Cyber Infrastructure (ACI) before build 5.4.4-132.
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Acronis Cyber Infrastructure (ACI) Insecure Default Password Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Acronis Cyber Infrastructure (ACI) Insecure Default Password Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 53.25% probability · 98.9th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.532550000000; percentile 0.989020000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Jul 29, 2024 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood53.25%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 26, 2026 · 98.9th percentile · first observed Aug 26, 2026

SeverityCVSS 9.8

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

AcronisOriginal assertion
Record text

Remote command execution due to use of default passwords. The following products are affected: Acronis Cyber Infrastructure (ACI) before build 5.0.1-61, Acronis Cyber Infrastructure (ACI) before build 5.1.1-71, Acronis Cyber Infrastructure (ACI) before build 5.2.1-69, Acronis Cyber Infrastructure (ACI) before build 5.3.1-53, Acronis Cyber Infrastructure (ACI) before build 5.4.4-132.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Remote command execution due to use of default passwords. The following products are affected: Acronis Cyber Infrastructure (ACI) before build 5.0.1-61, Acronis Cyber Infrastructure (ACI) before build 5.1.1-71, Acronis Cyber Infrastructure (ACI) before build 5.2.1-69, Acronis Cyber Infrastructure (ACI) before build 5.3.1-53, Acronis Cyber Infrastructure (ACI) before build 5.4.4-132.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Acronis Cyber Infrastructure (ACI) Insecure Default Password Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Acronis Cyber Infrastructure (ACI) Insecure Default Password Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

53.25% probability · 98.9th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.532550000000; percentile 0.989020000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
5Underlying assertions
1Canonical products
5Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

11 scope groups

CISA-ADP · source assertedacroniscyber_infrastructureDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 5.0.1-61 (semver comparison)Affected: 5.1.1 to before 5.1.1-71 (semver comparison)Affected: 5.2.1 to before 5.2.1-69 (semver comparison)Affected: 5.3.1 to before 5.3.1-53 (semver comparison)Affected: 5.4.4 to before 5.4.4-132 (semver comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "5.0.1-61", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5.1.1", "lessThan": "5.1.1-71", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5.2.1", "lessThan": "5.2.1-69", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5.3.1", "lessThan": "5.3.1-53", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5.4.4", "lessThan": "5.4.4-132", "versionType": "semver"}]
CISA-ADP · source assertedacroniscyber_infrastructureDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 5.0.1-61 (semver comparison)Affected: 5.1.1 to before 5.1.1-71 (semver comparison)Affected: 5.2.1 to before 5.2.1-69 (semver comparison)Affected: 5.3.1 to before 5.3.1-53 (semver comparison)Affected: 5.4.4 to before 5.4.4-132 (semver comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "5.0.1-61", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5.1.1", "lessThan": "5.1.1-71", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5.2.1", "lessThan": "5.2.1-69", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5.3.1", "lessThan": "5.3.1-53", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5.4.4", "lessThan": "5.4.4-132", "versionType": "semver"}]
CISA-ADP · source assertedacroniscyber_infrastructureDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 5.0.1-61 (semver comparison)Affected: 5.1.1 to before 5.1.1-71 (semver comparison)Affected: 5.2.1 to before 5.2.1-69 (semver comparison)Affected: 5.3.1 to before 5.3.1-53 (semver comparison)Affected: 5.4.4 to before 5.4.4-132 (semver comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "5.0.1-61", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5.1.1", "lessThan": "5.1.1-71", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5.2.1", "lessThan": "5.2.1-69", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5.3.1", "lessThan": "5.3.1-53", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5.4.4", "lessThan": "5.4.4-132", "versionType": "semver"}]
CISA-ADP · source assertedacroniscyber_infrastructureDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 5.0.1-61 (semver comparison)Affected: 5.1.1 to before 5.1.1-71 (semver comparison)Affected: 5.2.1 to before 5.2.1-69 (semver comparison)Affected: 5.3.1 to before 5.3.1-53 (semver comparison)Affected: 5.4.4 to before 5.4.4-132 (semver comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "5.0.1-61", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5.1.1", "lessThan": "5.1.1-71", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5.2.1", "lessThan": "5.2.1-69", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5.3.1", "lessThan": "5.3.1-53", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5.4.4", "lessThan": "5.4.4-132", "versionType": "semver"}]
CISA-ADP · source assertedacroniscyber_infrastructureDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 5.0.1-61 (semver comparison)Affected: 5.1.1 to before 5.1.1-71 (semver comparison)Affected: 5.2.1 to before 5.2.1-69 (semver comparison)Affected: 5.3.1 to before 5.3.1-53 (semver comparison)Affected: 5.4.4 to before 5.4.4-132 (semver comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "5.0.1-61", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5.1.1", "lessThan": "5.1.1-71", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5.2.1", "lessThan": "5.2.1-69", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5.3.1", "lessThan": "5.3.1-53", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5.4.4", "lessThan": "5.4.4-132", "versionType": "semver"}]
Acronis · source assertedAcronisAcronis Cyber InfrastructureDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified to before 5.0.1-61 (semver comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified", "lessThan": "5.0.1-61", "versionType": "semver"}]
Acronis · source assertedAcronisAcronis Cyber InfrastructureDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified to before 5.1.1-71 (semver comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified", "lessThan": "5.1.1-71", "versionType": "semver"}]
Acronis · source assertedAcronisAcronis Cyber InfrastructureDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified to before 5.2.1-69 (semver comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified", "lessThan": "5.2.1-69", "versionType": "semver"}]
Acronis · source assertedAcronisAcronis Cyber InfrastructureDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified to before 5.3.1-53 (semver comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified", "lessThan": "5.3.1-53", "versionType": "semver"}]
Acronis · source assertedAcronisAcronis Cyber InfrastructureDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified to before 5.4.4-132 (semver comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified", "lessThan": "5.4.4-132", "versionType": "semver"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONacroniscyber_infrastructureVulnerable target · 5 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 5.0.1-61); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 5.1.1, < 5.1.1-71); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 5.2.1, < 5.2.1-69); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 5.3.1, < 5.3.1-53); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 5.4.4, < 5.4.4-132)Canonical identity product-b9f2aac0d00fda3bf54bd496eeacf36bb9c5f1217f254881cc795761b6b87692Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:acronis:cyber_infrastructure:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 5.1.1; through excluding 5.1.1-71
    Match ID
    e5337751-14f1-4e10-80f3-ef7ed6d4b2b1
  2. cpe:2.3:a:acronis:cyber_infrastructure:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 5.2.1; through excluding 5.2.1-69
    Match ID
    29cdce6a-0b62-4fe6-8033-0c790b81bf6a
  3. cpe:2.3:a:acronis:cyber_infrastructure:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 5.4.4; through excluding 5.4.4-132
    Match ID
    ec427a5a-f1d5-4dea-a005-bc4676668571
  4. cpe:2.3:a:acronis:cyber_infrastructure:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 5.0.1-61
    Match ID
    1a50bd85-127d-48b6-bede-00ca3bafcbad
  5. cpe:2.3:a:acronis:cyber_infrastructure:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 5.3.1; through excluding 5.3.1-53
    Match ID
    6125f2ec-7736-4088-aa1f-3017713ab03e

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

1 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-cff2a3121ffdb5e335ba94e0f6c1078d35e421fbb123173b854571dfb1d90786 · product-b9f2aac0d00fda3bf54bd496eeacf36bb9c5f1217f254881cc795761b6b87692

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
5
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
49437815-68df-4012-bb36-1234c0d08f1953de3752-7e18-4f9d-856e-087593b662ad9e891711-a85a-4d3f-8575-11ab3b94cea99f00bec2-03db-42f6-bebe-4527be766f31d88a64d1-6284-4b30-9ad7-3780a097145d
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
10
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
13e24ef0-a694-4901-aa0c-162b3963a394317d2cb1-c558-4287-b6e0-7b965ca1cb84466229e0-168f-42fc-a5fd-91370903d8896770718e-65f4-4b29-96bd-14316d318c6a790ebd77-4927-436a-be73-6084903ec16c7c7a8ac2-5fca-47a3-9ed7-6def0c4cddae8aab74d6-a412-4791-94d0-5383071e51de934a0b3b-ff3d-40ed-8197-f89e5cbf6003aba03c54-44a1-4d0a-a047-ae677bef1c1db0e9c0f7-003f-4128-aea6-b196bae37191

Assessments

CVSS by origin

9.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8
security@acronis.comCVSS 3.0 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8
AcronisCVSS 3.0 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

9.8Priority eligible

Acronis

CVSS 3.0 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
9.8
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.