CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2023-4911

Glibc: buffer overflow in ld.so leading to privilege escalation

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Nov 21, 2023). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 7.8. EPSS estimates 63.8% exploit likelihood as of Oct 21, 2026.

75.5–90.3Priority evidence range
Evidence through Oct 22, 2026, 6:07 PM UTC

As of Oct 22, 2026

Normalized restatement

A buffer overflow was discovered in the GNU C Library's dynamic loader ld.so while processing the GLIBC_TUNABLES environment variable. This issue could allow a local attacker to use maliciously crafted GLIBC_TUNABLES environment variables when launching binaries with SUID permission to execute code with elevated privileges.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Oct 3, 2023
Updated
Oct 14, 2026
Evidence coverage
85%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: GNU C Library Buffer Overflow Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    GNU C Library Buffer Overflow Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    redhat

    Record text: Glibc: buffer overflow in ld.so leading to privilege escalation

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Glibc: buffer overflow in ld.so leading to privilege escalation
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    siemens-SADP

    Record text: Container present

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Container present
    Original evidence ↗
  6. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 63.77% probability · 99.22th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.637690000000; percentile 0.992220000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Nov 21, 2023 · first observed Sep 1, 2026

Exploit likelihood63.77%

FIRST EPSS · score date Oct 21, 2026 · 99.2th percentile · first observed Oct 21, 2026

SeverityCVSS 7.8

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Oct 15, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

Outside this view’s verified evidence

Reason detail begins outside this selected snapshot; the state remains source-bound.

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

GNU C Library Buffer Overflow Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
GNU C Library Buffer Overflow Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
redhatOriginal assertion
Record text

Glibc: buffer overflow in ld.so leading to privilege escalation

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Glibc: buffer overflow in ld.so leading to privilege escalation
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
siemens-SADPSource-declared origin
Record text

Container present

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Container present
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

63.77% probability · 99.22th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.637690000000; percentile 0.992220000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
83Underlying assertions
49Canonical products
73Target assertions
10Constraint assertions

Grouped from 25 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

68 scope groups

redhat · source assertedRed HatRed Hat Enterprise Linux 6Direct source scope
Version details are available in the raw assertion
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[]
redhat · source assertedRed HatRed Hat Enterprise Linux 7Direct source scope
Version details are available in the raw assertion
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[]
redhat · source assertedRed HatRed Hat Enterprise Linux 7Direct source scope
Version details are available in the raw assertion
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[]
redhat · source assertedRed HatRed Hat Enterprise Linux 8Direct source scope
Unaffected: 0:2.28-225.el8_8.6 to before * (rpm comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "unaffected", "version": "0:2.28-225.el8_8.6", "lessThan": "*", "versionType": "rpm"}]
redhat · source assertedRed HatRed Hat Enterprise Linux 8Direct source scope
Unaffected: 0:2.28-225.el8_8.6 to before * (rpm comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "unaffected", "version": "0:2.28-225.el8_8.6", "lessThan": "*", "versionType": "rpm"}]
redhat · source assertedRed HatRed Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Extended Update SupportDirect source scope
Unaffected: 0:2.28-189.6.el8_6 to before * (rpm comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "unaffected", "version": "0:2.28-189.6.el8_6", "lessThan": "*", "versionType": "rpm"}]
redhat · source assertedRed HatRed Hat Enterprise Linux 9Direct source scope
Unaffected: 0:2.34-60.el9_2.7 to before * (rpm comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "unaffected", "version": "0:2.34-60.el9_2.7", "lessThan": "*", "versionType": "rpm"}]
redhat · source assertedRed HatRed Hat Enterprise Linux 9Direct source scope
Unaffected: 0:2.34-60.el9_2.7 to before * (rpm comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "unaffected", "version": "0:2.34-60.el9_2.7", "lessThan": "*", "versionType": "rpm"}]
redhat · source assertedRed HatRed Hat Enterprise Linux 9.0 Extended Update SupportDirect source scope
Unaffected: 0:2.34-28.el9_0.4 to before * (rpm comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "unaffected", "version": "0:2.34-28.el9_0.4", "lessThan": "*", "versionType": "rpm"}]
redhat · source assertedRed HatRed Hat Virtualization 4 for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8Direct source scope
Unaffected: 0:2.28-189.6.el8_6 to before * (rpm comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "unaffected", "version": "0:2.28-189.6.el8_6", "lessThan": "*", "versionType": "rpm"}]
redhat · source assertedRed HatRed Hat Virtualization 4 for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8Direct source scope
Unaffected: 0:4.5.3-10.el8ev to before * (rpm comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "unaffected", "version": "0:4.5.3-10.el8ev", "lessThan": "*", "versionType": "rpm"}]
redhat · source assertedRed HatRed Hat Virtualization 4 for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8Direct source scope
Unaffected: 0:4.5.3-202312060823_8.6 to before * (rpm comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "unaffected", "version": "0:4.5.3-202312060823_8.6", "lessThan": "*", "versionType": "rpm"}]
siemens-SADP · source assertedSiemensSIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFPDirect source scope
Affected: V3.1.5 to before * (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.5", "lessThan": "*", "versionType": "custom"}]
siemens-SADP · source assertedSiemensSIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFPDirect source scope
Affected: V3.1.5 to before * (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.5", "lessThan": "*", "versionType": "custom"}]
siemens-SADP · source assertedSiemensSIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFPDirect source scope
Affected: V3.1.5 to before * (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.5", "lessThan": "*", "versionType": "custom"}]
siemens-SADP · source assertedSiemensSIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFPDirect source scope
Affected: V3.1.5 to before * (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.5", "lessThan": "*", "versionType": "custom"}]
siemens-SADP · source assertedSiemensSIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - GNU/Linux subsystemDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before V1.1 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "V1.1", "versionType": "custom"}]
siemens-SADP · source assertedSiemensSIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFPDirect source scope
Affected: V3.1.5 to before * (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.5", "lessThan": "*", "versionType": "custom"}]
redhat · source assertedVendor unspecified by sourceProduct unspecified by sourceDirect source scope
Affected: 2.34 to before 2.39 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "2.34", "lessThan": "2.39", "versionType": "custom"}]
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMcanonicalubuntu_linuxVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Version 22.04; Version 23.04Canonical identity product-a18840e4673d48e569064752e9575849e99b3f173c63d7c965c4c193bcaebef2Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:23.04:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    8 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    b2e702d7-f8c0-49bf-9ffb-883017076e98
  2. cpe:2.3:o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:22.04:*:*:*:lts:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    8 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    359012f1-2c63-415a-88b8-6726a87830de
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMdebiandebian_linuxVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Version 11.0; Version 12.0Canonical identity product-3ccb4bc87dfae98fa2f2a06435fe5b3d9be78572fb958a89f2d7a96b4066447eLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    8 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    fa6feec2-9f11-4643-8827-749718254fed
  2. cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:12.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    8 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    46d69dcc-ae4d-4ea5-861c-d60951444c6c
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMfedoraprojectfedoraVulnerable target · 3 assertions
Version 37; Version 38; Version 39Canonical identity product-c96c7662a6606ed7594747da3d7ba9ee3a9758ab11658f6a3f42616361472e47Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:39:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    6 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    b8edb836-4e6a-4b71-b9b2-aa3e03e0f646
  2. cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:38:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    6 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    cc559b26-5dfc-4b7a-a27c-b77de755dff9
  3. cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:37:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    6 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    e30d0e6f-4ae8-4284-8716-991dfa48cc5d
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONgnuglibcVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 2.34, < 2.39)Canonical identity product-65ad58d9be95aee69193bfee5d43d39b1b0bde729796531951ee6e2f71f191cbLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:gnu:glibc:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    5 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 2.34; through excluding 2.39
    Match ID
    71609239-5262-473e-acce-18ae51ab184e
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMnetappbootstrap_osVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-c79e30c6ed7acc5d7d83b9d9dce7e90bfad6e78e29ab0723ece2f95db88f8029Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:netapp:bootstrap_os:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    95ba156c-c977-4f0c-8dfb-3fae9cc8c02d
NVD CPE · HARDWAREnetapph300sEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-5b787f6fb0dbffca7d5383cfa87cd93654a14ed60ccdd59abc2ba697fe7ead69Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:netapp:h300s:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    10 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    9f9c8c20-42eb-4ab5-bd97-212deb070c43

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

0 canonical links · 0 source-reported links

Applicability remains source-scoped; safety and exposure remain unassessed.

Assessments

CVSS by origin

7.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.8
secalert@redhat.comCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.8
redhatCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Affected-product evidence remains source-scoped; canonical linkage is required before applicability scoring.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.