CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2023-49897

An OS command injection vulnerability exists in AE1021PE firmware version 2.0.9 and earlier and AE1021 firmware version 2.0.9 and earlier.

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Dec 21, 2023). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 8.8. EPSS estimates 50.4% exploit likelihood as of Aug 26, 2026.

79.7–82.0Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

An OS command injection vulnerability exists in AE1021PE firmware version 2.0.9 and earlier and AE1021 firmware version 2.0.9 and earlier. If this vulnerability is exploited, an arbitrary OS command may be executed by an attacker who can log in to the product.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Dec 6, 2023
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
92%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

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  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    jpcert

    Record text: An OS command injection vulnerability exists in AE1021PE firmware version 2.0.9 and earlier and AE1021 firmware version 2.0.9 and earlier. If this vulnerability is exploited, an arbitrary OS command may be executed by an attacker who can log in to the product.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    An OS command injection vulnerability exists in AE1021PE firmware version 2.0.9 and earlier and AE1021 firmware version 2.0.9 and earlier. If this vulnerability is exploited, an arbitrary OS command may be executed by an attacker who can log in to the product.
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: FXC AE1021, AE1021PE OS Command Injection Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    FXC AE1021, AE1021PE OS Command Injection Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 50.45% probability · 98.83th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.504470000000; percentile 0.988260000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Dec 21, 2023 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood50.45%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 26, 2026 · 98.8th percentile · first observed Aug 26, 2026

SeverityCVSS 8.8

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
jpcertOriginal assertion
Record text

An OS command injection vulnerability exists in AE1021PE firmware version 2.0.9 and earlier and AE1021 firmware version 2.0.9 and earlier. If this vulnerability is exploited, an arbitrary OS command may be executed by an attacker who can log in to the product.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in AE1021PE firmware version 2.0.9 and earlier and AE1021 firmware version 2.0.9 and earlier. If this vulnerability is exploited, an arbitrary OS command may be executed by an attacker who can log in to the product.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

FXC AE1021, AE1021PE OS Command Injection Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
FXC AE1021, AE1021PE OS Command Injection Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

50.45% probability · 98.83th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.504470000000; percentile 0.988260000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
4Underlying assertions
4Canonical products
2Target assertions
2Constraint assertions

Grouped from 4 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

6 scope groups

jpcert · source assertedFXC Inc.AE1021Direct source scope
Affected: 2.0.9 and earlier
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "2.0.9 and earlier"}]
jpcert · source assertedFXC Inc.AE1021PEDirect source scope
Affected: 2.0.9 and earlier
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "2.0.9 and earlier"}]
NVD CPE · HARDWAREfxcae1021Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-bbd9e07127d28eb9b97a28927599483919d833354ede172936f776c758c0ad89Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:fxc:ae1021:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    03b391d9-2af4-4889-bfa3-52c11b4390c5
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMfxcae1021_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 2.0.10)Canonical identity product-bf7a43590bf5e5e11bfa4d15c7510fe7decbe3ab9958ae0ffc76e14dbc6ff275Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:fxc:ae1021_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 2.0.10
    Match ID
    4f8b5b94-bfd2-4037-b8e2-dcd4f843ad55
NVD CPE · HARDWAREfxcae1021peEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-1f885a959f7a64ca689703c268aff58bc749f3fe12a092dbb533fd33572bd6abLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:fxc:ae1021pe:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    bb758e1e-0cf5-4ca6-9a08-2b33bf296d67
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMfxcae1021pe_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 2.0.10)Canonical identity product-5b6a807b3cb7f324f8d4196311529984e2aff245fabc97b682376fcd3366ef64Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:fxc:ae1021pe_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 2.0.10
    Match ID
    a110a774-f48f-4f4f-8ee0-fd17f94b8ab6

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

2 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-555293a724b703f401206eab08e18bc8d5028a70868368a47a7c2dade7455681 · product-5b6a807b3cb7f324f8d4196311529984e2aff245fabc97b682376fcd3366ef64

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
edab85d7-0975-49da-98d8-897d9d0806a1
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-555293a724b703f401206eab08e18bc8d5028a70868368a47a7c2dade7455681 · product-bf7a43590bf5e5e11bfa4d15c7510fe7decbe3ab9958ae0ffc76e14dbc6ff275

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
ba3cd0d3-8d91-47c7-9d85-460b099b2e4f
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
6b5f1370-2ed4-44ec-89eb-046eb8ed399bc329eb46-2f15-457b-a5ab-b148b91be10a

Assessments

CVSS by origin

8.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

8.8Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
8.8
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.