CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2023-50224

TP-Link TL-WR841N dropbearpwd Improper Authentication Information Disclosure Vulnerability

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Sep 3, 2025). zdi reports CVSS 3.0 6.5. EPSS estimates 17.4% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

67.2–69.9Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

TP-Link TL-WR841N dropbearpwd Improper Authentication Information Disclosure Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of TP-Link TL-WR841N routers. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the httpd service, which listens on TCP port 80 by default. The issue results from improper authentication. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to disclose stored credentials, leading to further compromise. . Was ZDI-CAN-19899.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
May 3, 2024
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
90%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

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  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    zdi

    Record text: TP-Link TL-WR841N dropbearpwd Improper Authentication Information Disclosure Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    TP-Link TL-WR841N dropbearpwd Improper Authentication Information Disclosure Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: TP-Link TL-WR841N Authentication Bypass by Spoofing Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    TP-Link TL-WR841N Authentication Bypass by Spoofing Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 17.45% probability · 96.9th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.174500000000; percentile 0.968970000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Sep 3, 2025 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood17.45%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 96.9th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 6.5

zdi · CVSS 3.0 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
zdiOriginal assertion
Record text

TP-Link TL-WR841N dropbearpwd Improper Authentication Information Disclosure Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
TP-Link TL-WR841N dropbearpwd Improper Authentication Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

TP-Link TL-WR841N Authentication Bypass by Spoofing Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
TP-Link TL-WR841N Authentication Bypass by Spoofing Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

17.45% probability · 96.9th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.174500000000; percentile 0.968970000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
2Underlying assertions
2Canonical products
1Target assertions
1Constraint assertions

Grouped from 2 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

4 scope groups

CISA-ADP · source assertedtp-linktl-wr841n_firmwareDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 12.0 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "12.0", "versionType": "custom"}]
zdi · source assertedTP-LinkTL-WR841NDirect source scope
Affected: 3.16.9 build 200409
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "3.16.9 build 200409"}]
NVD CPE · HARDWAREtp-linktl-wr841nEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version 12Canonical identity product-afe079d295eb0172f77ccb0bf344cffaff32f51eed83f0661820a02f614a835bLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:tp-link:tl-wr841n:12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    e855a3d8-9968-4df9-890d-62028472a11b
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMtp-linktl-wr841n_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version 3.16.9Canonical identity product-d058d3adc752ef645021364b044603ee3e3e85e2803ed68bbcb5339a00fd9b14Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:tl-wr841n_firmware:3.16.9:build_200409:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    02c7e519-f7a1-419f-bd07-b919a21e966e

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

1 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-6d5b48b0c21af0da9be49aa188af51c6538c4a9c1ddc79dea278af6c8121a3e1 · product-d058d3adc752ef645021364b044603ee3e3e85e2803ed68bbcb5339a00fd9b14

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
2f9cb72f-37af-4db0-9689-d901622e6386
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
28047c4d-8d5a-4101-b5be-84d509be98eb47bff724-fd22-43d6-9eaf-3384484aea45

Assessments

CVSS by origin

6.5
zdi-disclosures@trendmicro.comCVSS 3.0 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
6.5
zdiCVSS 3.0 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

6.5Priority eligible

zdi

CVSS 3.0 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
6.5
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.