CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2023-6548

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') in NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway allows an attacker with access to NSIP, CLIP or SNIP with management interface…

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Jan 17, 2024). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 8.8. Severity assessments differ within at least one CVSS version. EPSS estimates 3.2% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

60.8–75.5Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') in NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway allows an attacker with access to NSIP, CLIP or SNIP with management interface to perform Authenticated (low privileged) remote code execution on Management Interface.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Jan 17, 2024
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
79%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

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  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    Citrix

    Record text: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') in NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway allows an attacker with access to NSIP, CLIP or SNIP with management interface to perform Authenticated (low privileged) remote code execution on Management Interface.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') in NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway allows an attacker with access to NSIP, CLIP or SNIP with management interface to perform Authenticated (low privileged) remote code execution on Management Interface.
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Citrix NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway Code Injection Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Citrix NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway Code Injection Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 3.19% probability · 87.16th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.031910000000; percentile 0.871640000000
    Original evidence ↗

Assessments differ

NVD8.8CVSS 3.1 · source date omitted
secure@citrix.com5.5CVSS 3.1 · source date omitted

Values are shown separately by source and CVSS version.

ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Jan 17, 2024 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood3.19%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 87.2th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityAssessments differ

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · values shown separately below

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentAssessments differ

Eligible assertions materially conflict and remain visible side by side.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve conflict
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CitrixOriginal assertion
Record text

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') in NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway allows an attacker with access to NSIP, CLIP or SNIP with management interface to perform Authenticated (low privileged) remote code execution on Management Interface.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') in NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway allows an attacker with access to NSIP, CLIP or SNIP with management interface to perform Authenticated (low privileged) remote code execution on Management Interface.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Citrix NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway Code Injection Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Citrix NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway Code Injection Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

3.19% probability · 87.16th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.031910000000; percentile 0.871640000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
9Underlying assertions
2Canonical products
9Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

13 scope groups

CISA-ADP · source assertedcitrixnetscaler_application_delivery_controllerDirect source scope
Affected: 14.1 to before 14.1-12.35 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "14.1", "lessThan": "14.1-12.35", "versionType": "custom"}]
CISA-ADP · source assertedcitrixnetscaler_application_delivery_controllerDirect source scope
Affected: 13.1 to before 13.1-51.15 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "13.1", "lessThan": "13.1-51.15", "versionType": "custom"}]
CISA-ADP · source assertedcitrixnetscaler_application_delivery_controllerDirect source scope
Affected: 13.0 to before 13.0-92.21 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "13.0", "lessThan": "13.0-92.21", "versionType": "custom"}]
CISA-ADP · source assertedcitrixnetscaler_application_delivery_controllerDirect source scope
Affected: 13.1 to before 13.1-37.176 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "13.1", "lessThan": "13.1-37.176", "versionType": "custom"}]
CISA-ADP · source assertedcitrixnetscaler_application_delivery_controllerDirect source scope
Affected: 12.1 to before 12.1-55.302 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "12.1", "lessThan": "12.1-55.302", "versionType": "custom"}]
CISA-ADP · source assertedcitrixnetscaler_application_delivery_controllerDirect source scope
Affected: 12.1 to before 12.1-55.302 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "12.1", "lessThan": "12.1-55.302", "versionType": "custom"}]
CISA-ADP · source assertedcitrixnetscaler_gatewayDirect source scope
Affected: 14.1 to before 14.1-12.35 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "14.1", "lessThan": "14.1-12.35", "versionType": "custom"}]
CISA-ADP · source assertedcitrixnetscaler_gatewayDirect source scope
Affected: 13.1 to before 13.1-51.15 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "13.1", "lessThan": "13.1-51.15", "versionType": "custom"}]
CISA-ADP · source assertedcitrixnetscaler_gatewayDirect source scope
Affected: 13.0 to before 13.0-92.21 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "13.0", "lessThan": "13.0-92.21", "versionType": "custom"}]
Citrix · source assertedCloud Software GroupNetScaler ADCDirect source scope
Affected: 14.1 to before 12.35 (patch comparison)Affected: 13.1 to before 51.15 (patch comparison)Affected: 13.0 to before 92.21 (patch comparison)Affected: 13.1-FIPS to before 37.176 (patch comparison)Affected: 12.1-FIPS to before 55.302 (patch comparison)Affected: 12.1-NDcPP to before 55.302 (patch comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "14.1", "lessThan": "12.35", "versionType": "patch"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "13.1", "lessThan": "51.15", "versionType": "patch"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "13.0", "lessThan": "92.21", "versionType": "patch"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "13.1-FIPS", "lessThan": "37.176", "versionType": "patch"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "12.1-FIPS", "lessThan": "55.302", "versionType": "patch"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "12.1-NDcPP", "lessThan": "55.302", "versionType": "patch"}]
Citrix · source assertedCloud Software GroupNetScaler GatewayDirect source scope
Affected: 14.1 to before 12.35 (patch comparison)Affected: 13.1 to before 51.15 (patch comparison)Affected: 13.0 to before 92.21 (patch comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "14.1", "lessThan": "12.35", "versionType": "patch"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "13.1", "lessThan": "51.15", "versionType": "patch"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "13.0", "lessThan": "92.21", "versionType": "patch"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONcitrixnetscaler_application_delivery_controllerVulnerable target · 6 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 12.1, < 12.1-55.302); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 13.0, < 13.0-92.21); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 13.1, < 13.1-37.176); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 13.1, < 13.1-51.15); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 14.1, < 14.1-12.35)Canonical identity product-698b699e3cb954f9bb1c9b64d30a2b05877d903ca4042465e866b06d7d56b465Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:citrix:netscaler_application_delivery_controller:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 14.1; through excluding 14.1-12.35
    Match ID
    62cd82cf-9013-4e54-b175-19b804a351aa
  2. cpe:2.3:a:citrix:netscaler_application_delivery_controller:*:*:*:*:fips:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 13.1; through excluding 13.1-37.176
    Match ID
    8c8a6b95-8338-4ee7-a6ec-7d84aedc4af3
  3. cpe:2.3:a:citrix:netscaler_application_delivery_controller:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 13.1; through excluding 13.1-51.15
    Match ID
    3cf77d9d-fc89-493d-b97d-f9699d182f54
  4. cpe:2.3:a:citrix:netscaler_application_delivery_controller:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 13.0; through excluding 13.0-92.21
    Match ID
    fc0a5aac-62dd-416a-a801-a7a95d5ef73c
  5. cpe:2.3:a:citrix:netscaler_application_delivery_controller:*:*:*:*:fips:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 12.1; through excluding 12.1-55.302
    Match ID
    e5672003-8e6b-4316-b5c9-fe436080add1
  6. cpe:2.3:a:citrix:netscaler_application_delivery_controller:*:*:*:*:ndcpp:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 12.1; through excluding 12.1-55.302
    Match ID
    d1a11abd-4f45-4ba9-b30b-f1d8a612cc15
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONcitrixnetscaler_gatewayVulnerable target · 3 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 13.0, < 13.0-92.21); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 13.1, < 13.1-51.15); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 14.1, < 14.1-12.35)Canonical identity product-22e4fbefa2f721b35fa638467110ee91acacd31f29e7473b059c6b09738443c7Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:citrix:netscaler_gateway:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 7
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 13.1; through excluding 13.1-51.15
    Match ID
    e870c309-d5cd-4181-9deb-4833de2eaeb7
  2. cpe:2.3:a:citrix:netscaler_gateway:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 8
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 14.1; through excluding 14.1-12.35
    Match ID
    2836707f-a36f-479e-bfdc-cf55aefc37ee
  3. cpe:2.3:a:citrix:netscaler_gateway:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 6
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 13.0; through excluding 13.0-92.21
    Match ID
    68e1f810-abcd-40a7-a8c1-4e8727799c7c

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

2 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-613dd4bb79ad8759a10407fe624cb651bdb422f3f2780231736f064b614ee756 · product-22e4fbefa2f721b35fa638467110ee91acacd31f29e7473b059c6b09738443c7

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
3
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
45ba2c57-56b5-409f-b2bf-94c2359e1bfb68b50e25-2f96-422b-a4b8-6b83213a2140f8a964d9-3396-4239-9f16-ece0de4f3a74
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-613dd4bb79ad8759a10407fe624cb651bdb422f3f2780231736f064b614ee756 · product-698b699e3cb954f9bb1c9b64d30a2b05877d903ca4042465e866b06d7d56b465

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
6
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
2da1b79b-e33f-4b6f-908c-ce4b89709f54354d8115-75ac-4619-a70c-b7430a648e115c3ab4ce-676f-4ced-8bfe-44164a8ccac8a468599d-eb9b-433e-9b44-5b35ec262f7ab2ef4440-a0e5-43cb-a296-b7ac49cbdfd3bf831f58-ef02-4bd0-bfe0-16b518a020be
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
11
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
28f9afaa-9272-43d7-8b48-826446ec8aec2de73dbb-1f7e-496f-b632-4fb9e00707ad33b7a894-a06a-44d6-ac01-6503911cf4353a71ef3f-3cbd-4f12-a387-c9f333a3225060b06b99-ab00-4155-8e33-b1a1540256b76773c1ba-6b87-4348-9bf5-ad93a3461de1880525b6-745a-47b8-b95a-d82eb187ea2a9999d6fe-71b0-4eb0-b8fd-5b794672b266b1c0df63-7377-41c0-b962-2c09b0e01c42d2eafa54-dc99-4f2a-84de-de06258a1f34e07e1c74-c957-4d21-a7ea-55e4b84122e5

Assessments

CVSS by origin

8.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
5.5
secure@citrix.comCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
5.5
CitrixCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

5.5Priority eligible

Citrix

CVSS 3.1 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
5.5
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.