CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2023-7028

Weak Password Recovery Mechanism for Forgotten Password in GitLab

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since May 1, 2024). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 9.8. EPSS estimates 94.6% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

86.6–88.6Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 16.1 prior to 16.1.6, 16.2 prior to 16.2.9, 16.3 prior to 16.3.7, 16.4 prior to 16.4.5, 16.5 prior to 16.5.6, 16.6 prior to 16.6.4, and 16.7 prior to 16.7.2 in which user account password reset emails could be delivered to an unverified email address.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Jan 12, 2024
Updated
May 26, 2026
Evidence coverage
99%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    GitLab

    Record text: Weak Password Recovery Mechanism for Forgotten Password in GitLab

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Weak Password Recovery Mechanism for Forgotten Password in GitLab
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: GitLab Community and Enterprise Editions Improper Access Control Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    GitLab Community and Enterprise Editions Improper Access Control Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 94.65% probability · 99.85th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.946470000000; percentile 0.998490000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date May 1, 2024 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood94.65%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 99.8th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 9.8

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
GitLabOriginal assertion
Record text

Weak Password Recovery Mechanism for Forgotten Password in GitLab

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Weak Password Recovery Mechanism for Forgotten Password in GitLab
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

GitLab Community and Enterprise Editions Improper Access Control Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
GitLab Community and Enterprise Editions Improper Access Control Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

94.65% probability · 99.85th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.946470000000; percentile 0.998490000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
14Underlying assertions
1Canonical products
14Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

2 scope groups

GitLab · source assertedGitLabGitLabDirect source scope
Affected: 16.1 to before 16.1.6 (semver comparison)Affected: 16.2 to before 16.2.9 (semver comparison)Affected: 16.3 to before 16.3.7 (semver comparison)Affected: 16.4 to before 16.4.5 (semver comparison)Affected: 16.5 to before 16.5.6 (semver comparison)Affected: 16.6 to before 16.6.4 (semver comparison)Affected: 16.7 to before 16.7.2 (semver comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "16.1", "lessThan": "16.1.6", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "16.2", "lessThan": "16.2.9", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "16.3", "lessThan": "16.3.7", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "16.4", "lessThan": "16.4.5", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "16.5", "lessThan": "16.5.6", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "16.6", "lessThan": "16.6.4", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "16.7", "lessThan": "16.7.2", "versionType": "semver"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONgitlabgitlabVulnerable target · 14 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 16.1.0, < 16.1.6); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 16.2.0, < 16.2.9); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 16.3.0, < 16.3.7); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 16.4.0, < 16.4.5); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 16.5.0, < 16.5.6); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 16.6.0, < 16.6.4); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 16.7.0, < 16.7.2)Canonical identity product-c43557985c209f85ef702655504119f758c8528f04fe1423e88b00817f2efbafLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:community:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 6
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 16.4.0; through excluding 16.4.5
    Match ID
    c89efe63-81d9-4964-be91-bf31aa40c165
  2. cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 7
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 16.4.0; through excluding 16.4.5
    Match ID
    4b4c9455-dba2-480b-8c59-898bc9db8795
  3. cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 9
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 16.5.0; through excluding 16.5.6
    Match ID
    24a21a70-46f1-4b28-becb-4266aabbbd57
  4. cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 16.1.0; through excluding 16.1.6
    Match ID
    6bef9e84-75c1-41c0-be14-7f550e2be932
  5. cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:community:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 8
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 16.5.0; through excluding 16.5.6
    Match ID
    a1a5ddad-5b04-4643-8acd-15d7c6cd76c2
  6. cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 16.2.0; through excluding 16.2.9
    Match ID
    aea35f1c-5e02-407b-adc6-4fdeff885e59
  7. cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:community:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 12
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 16.7.0; through excluding 16.7.2
    Match ID
    e66ec8a8-e889-450a-86b4-7d930788ff58
  8. cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 13
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 16.7.0; through excluding 16.7.2
    Match ID
    ddbb44e5-7ed3-4c9b-9241-2e6db79a3e27
  9. cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 11
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 16.6.0; through excluding 16.6.4
    Match ID
    d294ea47-b2ef-42d6-a92b-93cea5d209b7
  10. cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 16.3.0; through excluding 16.3.7
    Match ID
    02c5947d-659a-4ae9-b2c8-08287ac03bf2
  11. cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:community:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 10
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 16.6.0; through excluding 16.6.4
    Match ID
    7198b7e4-9928-4b7d-9d00-6b76ccac3875
  12. cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:community:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 16.3.0; through excluding 16.3.7
    Match ID
    b3f039ef-84dd-41b6-ab5d-bf3f44a488c2
  13. cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:community:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 16.1.0; through excluding 16.1.6
    Match ID
    4d1d5473-f384-420d-bd91-f2466f2ca278
  14. cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:community:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 16.2.0; through excluding 16.2.9
    Match ID
    1d29ff9d-9113-44a9-99c2-074b1b217b7c

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

1 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-cc8128d63af51ed34886692fe12caa130b4df6a29c9ceb216d83976eb82ef6c6 · product-c43557985c209f85ef702655504119f758c8528f04fe1423e88b00817f2efbaf

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
14
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
082d3841-0e58-409f-b0a5-7b8f38ad0d2b13a616cb-9325-434d-8c3a-6566884b8fb82dcfcb86-16ae-4d0d-85e4-86f1f2c1e12f3874c80a-97f4-4f01-ae08-9fbdd0c47de25d13dd56-95f8-42ca-988f-5ade3ba5a41f81fcfcc0-4722-4276-90a3-fe891edceb738a3bf47c-b152-466a-b548-316ee212e3639884aebb-c3c6-48e9-9204-9b01f2c360fabb56b4ae-b5ec-4cb0-a7d8-810fa01ac314bced5a79-090c-472c-8e27-f4cdf95ae8d1c0370052-909e-4f9b-9ebe-02a77b00a15cc8cbcd5f-32eb-40ae-b554-8b15cd09ac7ccabd974e-d915-4ffb-9a18-e077b6c0290feda135c7-f2de-4bf5-a8c8-6ba952b58e25
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
7e3b95df-d3a6-468e-b49e-27039297f948

Assessments

CVSS by origin

9.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
10.0
cve@gitlab.comCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
10.0
GitLabCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

10.0Priority eligible

GitLab

CVSS 3.1 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
10.0
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.