CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2023-7101

Arbitrary Code Execution (ACE) Vulnerability

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Jan 2, 2024). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 7.8. EPSS estimates 16.8% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

73.0–76.1Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

Spreadsheet::ParseExcel version 0.65 is a Perl module used for parsing Excel files. Spreadsheet::ParseExcel is vulnerable to an arbitrary code execution (ACE) vulnerability due to passing unvalidated input from a file into a string-type “eval”. Specifically, the issue stems from the evaluation of Number format strings (not to be confused with printf-style format strings) within the Excel parsing logic.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Dec 24, 2023
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
91%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    Mandiant

    Record text: Arbitrary Code Execution (ACE) Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Arbitrary Code Execution (ACE) Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Spreadsheet::ParseExcel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Spreadsheet::ParseExcel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 16.83% probability · 96.81th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.168320000000; percentile 0.968090000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Jan 2, 2024 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood16.83%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 96.8th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 7.8

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
MandiantOriginal assertion
Record text

Arbitrary Code Execution (ACE) Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Arbitrary Code Execution (ACE) Vulnerability
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Spreadsheet::ParseExcel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Spreadsheet::ParseExcel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

16.83% probability · 96.81th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.168320000000; percentile 0.968090000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
4Underlying assertions
3Canonical products
4Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 3 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

8 scope groups

CISA-ADP · source asserteddebiandebian_linuxDirect source scope
Affected: 10
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "10"}]
Mandiant · source assertedDouglas WilsonSpreadsheet::ParseExcelDirect source scope
Affected: 0.65
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0.65"}]
CISA-ADP · source assertedfedoraprojectfedoraDirect source scope
Affected: 38Affected: 39
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "38"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "39"}]
CISA-ADP · source assertedfedoraprojectfedoraDirect source scope
Affected: 38Affected: 39
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "38"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "39"}]
CISA-ADP · source assertedjmcnamaraspreadsheet\Direct source scope
Affected: 0.41 through 0.65 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0.41", "versionType": "custom", "lessThanOrEqual": "0.65"}]
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMdebiandebian_linuxVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version 10.0Canonical identity product-3ccb4bc87dfae98fa2f2a06435fe5b3d9be78572fb958a89f2d7a96b4066447eLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    07b237a9-69a3-4a9c-9da0-4e06bd37ae73
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMfedoraprojectfedoraVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Version 38; Version 39Canonical identity product-c96c7662a6606ed7594747da3d7ba9ee3a9758ab11658f6a3f42616361472e47Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:39:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    b8edb836-4e6a-4b71-b9b2-aa3e03e0f646
  2. cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:38:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    cc559b26-5dfc-4b7a-a27c-b77de755dff9
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONjmcnamaraspreadsheet::parseexcelVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (<= 0.65)Canonical identity product-a96d85013407d59f5abde4bb0b2d8cae2f3549737b89dd3b4b292c036c8dc5c5Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:jmcnamara:spreadsheet\:\:parseexcel:*:*:*:*:*:perl:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through including 0.65
    Match ID
    1c81ac37-3219-4a80-a89e-8bdc1e238f82

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

3 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-66ae8c5e06427f7450637d18322b0dc411c0b469d940341cf076a620d444fe3c · product-3ccb4bc87dfae98fa2f2a06435fe5b3d9be78572fb958a89f2d7a96b4066447e

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
17b75385-1be3-465b-985e-d835b07bd02d
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-5922ae76f19f43f85add5ab0394e11ae046c867f51d226851e4ed6a1ff16c66c · product-a96d85013407d59f5abde4bb0b2d8cae2f3549737b89dd3b4b292c036c8dc5c5

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
5f9689da-9eba-4d89-8121-af05e10cd1ab
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-2d566b06907460b10e6e48c8544126e19f1d6df137983056edae8d0b51e34e45 · product-c96c7662a6606ed7594747da3d7ba9ee3a9758ab11658f6a3f42616361472e47

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
7c8f580f-055b-4660-8870-f414f2a673cac9398eb8-592e-4384-a1ab-3b867a7c62b8
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
5
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
2fd194fd-1450-4a09-bb17-913d8dd2b6378024d671-bd18-423f-8df9-9b2e2b7219ca8330b6f9-f78c-4c2a-8662-d365a2713d9495885620-85c7-4f7e-8a6e-d13041cc96eba594af43-1377-41f8-b5a1-946f99086c4c

Assessments

CVSS by origin

7.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.8
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

7.8Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
7.8
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.