CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2024-11182

Stored XSS vulnerability in MDaemon Email Server

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since May 19, 2025). ESET reports CVSS 4.0 5.3. EPSS estimates 17.7% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

64.3–65.9Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

An XSS issue was discovered in MDaemon Email Server before version 24.5.1c. An attacker can send an HTML e-mail message with JavaScript in an img tag. This could allow a remote attacker to load arbitrary JavaScript code in the context of a webmail user's browser window.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Nov 15, 2024
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
92%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

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  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    ESET

    Record text: Stored XSS vulnerability in MDaemon Email Server

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Stored XSS vulnerability in MDaemon Email Server
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: MDaemon Email Server Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    MDaemon Email Server Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 17.71% probability · 96.93th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.177050000000; percentile 0.969300000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date May 19, 2025 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood17.71%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 96.9th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 5.3

ESET · CVSS 4.0 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
ESETOriginal assertion
Record text

Stored XSS vulnerability in MDaemon Email Server

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Stored XSS vulnerability in MDaemon Email Server
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

MDaemon Email Server Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
MDaemon Email Server Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

17.71% probability · 96.93th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.177050000000; percentile 0.969300000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
1Underlying assertions
1Canonical products
1Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

2 scope groups

ESET · source assertedMDaemonEmail ServerDirect source scope
Affected: 0 through 24.5.0 (semver comparison)Unaffected: 24.5.1 (semver comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "24.5.0"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "24.5.1", "versionType": "semver"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONmdaemonmdaemonVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 24.5.1)Canonical identity product-5ea4e6c7d410a708d21061f05bfea2755aaaa755cf4d817cecd6b51b41d18b24Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:mdaemon:mdaemon:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 24.5.1
    Match ID
    f4a0c049-0053-4a66-a690-905c4d1e6b79

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

1 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-949b6d33c29188d63d1c80d3bf537918614a2e25022baba7d85e560e1630d8c0 · product-5ea4e6c7d410a708d21061f05bfea2755aaaa755cf4d817cecd6b51b41d18b24

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
950e0278-d273-48b6-bb35-ccafd5b105f3
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
0c6335c6-4b86-4fd8-90df-3cc0f0ed66ea

Assessments

CVSS by origin

6.1
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
5.3
security@eset.comCVSS 4.0 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
5.3
ESETCVSS 4.0 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

5.3Priority eligible

ESET

CVSS 4.0 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
5.3
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.