CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2024-23222

A type confusion issue was addressed with improved checks.

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Jan 23, 2024). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 8.8. EPSS estimates 10.6% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

73.9–77.1Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

A type confusion issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in Safari 17.3, iOS 15.8.7 and iPadOS 15.8.7, iOS 16.7.5 and iPadOS 16.7.5, iOS 17.3 and iPadOS 17.3, macOS Monterey 12.7.3, macOS Sonoma 14.3, macOS Ventura 13.6.4, tvOS 17.3, visionOS 1.0.2. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbitrary code execution. This fix associated with the Coruna exploit was shipped in iOS 17.3 on January 22, 2024. This update brings that fix to devices that cannot update to the latest iOS version.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Jan 23, 2024
Updated
Apr 2, 2026
Evidence coverage
95%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

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  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    apple

    Record text: A type confusion issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in Safari 17.3, iOS 15.8.7 and iPadOS 15.8.7, iOS 16.7.5 and iPadOS 16.7.5, iOS 17.3 and iPadOS 17.3, macOS Monterey 12.7.3, macOS Sonoma 14.3, macOS Ventura 13.6.4, tvOS 17.3, visionOS 1.0.2. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbitrary code execution. This fix associated with the Coruna exploit was shipped in iOS 17.3 on January 22, 2024. This update brings that fix to devices that cannot update to the latest iOS version.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    A type confusion issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in Safari 17.3, iOS 15.8.7 and iPadOS 15.8.7, iOS 16.7.5 and iPadOS 16.7.5, iOS 17.3 and iPadOS 17.3, macOS Monterey 12.7.3, macOS Sonoma 14.3, macOS Ventura 13.6.4, tvOS 17.3, visionOS 1.0.2. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbitrary code execution. This fix associated with the Coruna exploit was shipped in iOS 17.3 on January 22, 2024. This update brings that fix to devices that cannot update to the latest iOS version.
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Apple Multiple Products WebKit Type Confusion Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Apple Multiple Products WebKit Type Confusion Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 10.59% probability · 95.44th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.105930000000; percentile 0.954420000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Jan 23, 2024 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood10.59%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 95.4th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 8.8

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

appleOriginal assertion
Record text

A type confusion issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in Safari 17.3, iOS 15.8.7 and iPadOS 15.8.7, iOS 16.7.5 and iPadOS 16.7.5, iOS 17.3 and iPadOS 17.3, macOS Monterey 12.7.3, macOS Sonoma 14.3, macOS Ventura 13.6.4, tvOS 17.3, visionOS 1.0.2. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbitrary code execution. This fix associated with the Coruna exploit was shipped in iOS 17.3 on January 22, 2024. This update brings that fix to devices that cannot update to the latest iOS version.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
A type confusion issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in Safari 17.3, iOS 15.8.7 and iPadOS 15.8.7, iOS 16.7.5 and iPadOS 16.7.5, iOS 17.3 and iPadOS 17.3, macOS Monterey 12.7.3, macOS Sonoma 14.3, macOS Ventura 13.6.4, tvOS 17.3, visionOS 1.0.2. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbitrary code execution. This fix associated with the Coruna exploit was shipped in iOS 17.3 on January 22, 2024. This update brings that fix to devices that cannot update to the latest iOS version.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Apple Multiple Products WebKit Type Confusion Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Apple Multiple Products WebKit Type Confusion Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

10.59% probability · 95.44th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.105930000000; percentile 0.954420000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
12Underlying assertions
6Canonical products
12Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

11 scope groups

apple · source assertedAppleiOS and iPadOSDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 15.8.7 (custom comparison)Affected: 0 to before 16.7.5 (custom comparison)Affected: 0 to before 17.3 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "15.8.7", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "16.7.5", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "17.3", "versionType": "custom"}]
apple · source assertedApplemacOSDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 12.7.3 (custom comparison)Affected: 0 to before 13.6.4 (custom comparison)Affected: 0 to before 14.3 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "12.7.3", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "13.6.4", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "14.3", "versionType": "custom"}]
apple · source assertedAppleSafariDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 17.3 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "17.3", "versionType": "custom"}]
apple · source assertedAppletvOSDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 17.3 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "17.3", "versionType": "custom"}]
apple · source assertedApplevisionOSDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 1.0.2 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "1.0.2", "versionType": "custom"}]
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMappleipadosVulnerable target · 3 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 15.8.7); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 16.0, < 16.7.5); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 17.0, < 17.3)Canonical identity product-8e7094ac066248cd4828b6ec8e3a96d010ed1c68f6083af46638775d737da0adLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:apple:ipados:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 16.0; through excluding 16.7.5
    Match ID
    6c754c13-f742-4697-8e03-277b0d762c61
  2. cpe:2.3:o:apple:ipados:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 15.8.7
    Match ID
    1e574928-4e49-45b0-ae6e-df4d38897f67
  3. cpe:2.3:o:apple:ipados:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 17.0; through excluding 17.3
    Match ID
    7dfddbec-015c-4ac6-a2b8-387839cedcce
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMappleiphone_osVulnerable target · 3 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 15.8.7); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 16.0, < 16.7.5); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 17.0, < 17.3)Canonical identity product-665d7155d02581979844685e7fca6c2680af997f9200af455887b1c71c483272Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:apple:iphone_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 6
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 17.0; through excluding 17.3
    Match ID
    fd699999-b0f0-41d0-ae33-e7e4aa3c0f90
  2. cpe:2.3:o:apple:iphone_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 16.0; through excluding 16.7.5
    Match ID
    51a161c8-a96d-48c5-8e8e-180dff5a6f48
  3. cpe:2.3:o:apple:iphone_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 15.8.7
    Match ID
    d1e9dc1a-618a-4caf-96c7-ec5ba2c1f617
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMapplemacosVulnerable target · 3 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 12.0, < 12.7.3); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 13.0, < 13.6.4); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 14.0, < 14.3)Canonical identity product-d6f53ba981bb58ea2b0d24855b8ff4a18555e3a17a9dce0d38460a69537bbc63Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 7
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 12.0; through excluding 12.7.3
    Match ID
    ecd0f581-7da4-428a-a1f5-c9a86ddd99d7
  2. cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 8
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 13.0; through excluding 13.6.4
    Match ID
    a3916cd8-e6d5-4786-903e-b86026859ce6
  3. cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 9
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 14.0; through excluding 14.3
    Match ID
    79adfebe-99ee-4f01-9ae8-489eb41885d1
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONapplesafariVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 17.3)Canonical identity product-3c7772db507b09c802755f0f7a9c9fce988300ebb3425947843e4ccbcfe8ffedLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:apple:safari:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 17.3
    Match ID
    3d6f41d4-58ed-4e0b-90b4-3eddb7cea240
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMappletvosVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 17.3)Canonical identity product-e5ea88731ef28ba75a5b40a72b650d8199d1f49ce8c4cd688de7cdb41dc8b9fbLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:apple:tvos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 10
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 17.3
    Match ID
    921307bf-8419-42c7-9b2c-8dd643723e38
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMapplevisionosVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 1.0.2)Canonical identity product-19ea67d4e45cd0ba7b7dd3f37fc826621c69bf7424ebc0f3a2c1b0555b2cb8beLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:apple:visionos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 11
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 1.0.2
    Match ID
    192b29eb-3dc2-48b9-ba87-50033a2cff01

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

6 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-d6ed6f1e35de2e16a8a10f2ae364dab009bb2afadd609071b20da24d60ce2829 · product-19ea67d4e45cd0ba7b7dd3f37fc826621c69bf7424ebc0f3a2c1b0555b2cb8be

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
cc4f5068-7bd1-484b-ac4a-872f26bbf7db
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-d6ed6f1e35de2e16a8a10f2ae364dab009bb2afadd609071b20da24d60ce2829 · product-3c7772db507b09c802755f0f7a9c9fce988300ebb3425947843e4ccbcfe8ffed

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
75b78543-8d0f-4afd-b26d-4fb8ede51156
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-d6ed6f1e35de2e16a8a10f2ae364dab009bb2afadd609071b20da24d60ce2829 · product-665d7155d02581979844685e7fca6c2680af997f9200af455887b1c71c483272

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
3
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
185100d1-2529-4bea-9bae-29213325297b8735ec6a-4cf6-4927-9af9-62d0646e6b998db9f606-ef9c-4f46-a879-c301074ac7da
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-d6ed6f1e35de2e16a8a10f2ae364dab009bb2afadd609071b20da24d60ce2829 · product-8e7094ac066248cd4828b6ec8e3a96d010ed1c68f6083af46638775d737da0ad

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
3
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
b6ee677c-3d0d-468b-9fb7-3e6518102eaeb7801628-ee4a-4748-b9ff-8a93bbcb1ab7ead202b6-da2b-43bd-a9cb-84862159ca9b
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-d6ed6f1e35de2e16a8a10f2ae364dab009bb2afadd609071b20da24d60ce2829 · product-d6f53ba981bb58ea2b0d24855b8ff4a18555e3a17a9dce0d38460a69537bbc63

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
3
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
06c7d4e8-47df-4558-b8cf-58b0a88314d39b3b7f5a-7ffa-453a-b34d-d579f92e26f4cf6fb870-5ad7-411c-b647-a036f7175e0c
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-d6ed6f1e35de2e16a8a10f2ae364dab009bb2afadd609071b20da24d60ce2829 · product-e5ea88731ef28ba75a5b40a72b650d8199d1f49ce8c4cd688de7cdb41dc8b9fb

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
83ac96d2-4280-4146-892d-7bcbb72e09c3
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
5
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
081dc2a7-f40a-40d2-b98a-ff1b2e38138a19fcab84-c22b-48c6-bbb3-2b036510f3ad5c5fd3dc-8ed3-40fe-82d0-1095ee90049c7bd98f52-fdd1-4c22-866a-c803707a7bffa9bd9028-b8f9-4341-8baf-6da8879e886f

Assessments

CVSS by origin

8.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

8.8Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
8.8
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.