CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2024-44309

A cookie management issue was addressed with improved state management.

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Nov 21, 2024). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 6.3. EPSS estimates 22.6% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

71.3–75.9Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

A cookie management issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in Safari 18.1.1, iOS 17.7.2 and iPadOS 17.7.2, iOS 18.1.1 and iPadOS 18.1.1, macOS Sequoia 15.1.1, visionOS 2.1.1. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to a cross site scripting attack. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited on Intel-based Mac systems.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Nov 19, 2024
Updated
Apr 2, 2026
Evidence coverage
91%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    apple

    Record text: A cookie management issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in Safari 18.1.1, iOS 17.7.2 and iPadOS 17.7.2, iOS 18.1.1 and iPadOS 18.1.1, macOS Sequoia 15.1.1, visionOS 2.1.1. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to a cross site scripting attack. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited on Intel-based Mac systems.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    A cookie management issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in Safari 18.1.1, iOS 17.7.2 and iPadOS 17.7.2, iOS 18.1.1 and iPadOS 18.1.1, macOS Sequoia 15.1.1, visionOS 2.1.1. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to a cross site scripting attack. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited on Intel-based Mac systems.
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Apple Multiple Products Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Apple Multiple Products Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 22.59% probability · 97.54th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.225900000000; percentile 0.975420000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Nov 21, 2024 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood22.59%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 97.5th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 6.3

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

appleOriginal assertion
Record text

A cookie management issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in Safari 18.1.1, iOS 17.7.2 and iPadOS 17.7.2, iOS 18.1.1 and iPadOS 18.1.1, macOS Sequoia 15.1.1, visionOS 2.1.1. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to a cross site scripting attack. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited on Intel-based Mac systems.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
A cookie management issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in Safari 18.1.1, iOS 17.7.2 and iPadOS 17.7.2, iOS 18.1.1 and iPadOS 18.1.1, macOS Sequoia 15.1.1, visionOS 2.1.1. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to a cross site scripting attack. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited on Intel-based Mac systems.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Apple Multiple Products Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Apple Multiple Products Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

22.59% probability · 97.54th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.225900000000; percentile 0.975420000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
8Underlying assertions
6Canonical products
8Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 2 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

17 scope groups

CISA-ADP · source assertedappleipad_osDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 17.7 (custom comparison)Affected: 18.0 to before 18.1 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "17.7", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "18.0", "lessThan": "18.1", "versionType": "custom"}]
CISA-ADP · source assertedappleipad_osDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 17.7 (custom comparison)Affected: 18.0 to before 18.1 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "17.7", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "18.0", "lessThan": "18.1", "versionType": "custom"}]
CISA-ADP · source assertedappleiphone_osDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 17.7 (custom comparison)Affected: 18.0 to before 18.1 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "17.7", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "18.0", "lessThan": "18.1", "versionType": "custom"}]
CISA-ADP · source assertedappleiphone_osDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 17.7 (custom comparison)Affected: 18.0 to before 18.1 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "17.7", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "18.0", "lessThan": "18.1", "versionType": "custom"}]
CISA-ADP · source assertedapplemacosDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 15.1 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "15.1", "versionType": "custom"}]
CISA-ADP · source assertedapplesafariDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 18.1 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "18.1", "versionType": "custom"}]
CISA-ADP · source assertedapplevisionosDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 2.1 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "2.1", "versionType": "custom"}]
apple · source assertedAppleiOS and iPadOSDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 17.7.2 (custom comparison)Affected: 0 to before 18.1.1 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "17.7.2", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "18.1.1", "versionType": "custom"}]
apple · source assertedApplemacOSDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 15.1.1 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "15.1.1", "versionType": "custom"}]
apple · source assertedAppleSafariDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 18.1.1 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "18.1.1", "versionType": "custom"}]
apple · source assertedApplevisionOSDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 2.1.1 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "2.1.1", "versionType": "custom"}]
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMappleipadosVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 17.7.2); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 18.0, < 18.1.1)Canonical identity product-8e7094ac066248cd4828b6ec8e3a96d010ed1c68f6083af46638775d737da0adLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:apple:ipados:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 18.0; through excluding 18.1.1
    Match ID
    4ce6128b-dbdb-4811-971d-1069382437d4
  2. cpe:2.3:o:apple:ipados:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 17.7.2
    Match ID
    aaea98fe-8942-4b9b-b25e-af99b5a650c3
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMappleiphone_osVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 17.7.2); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 18.0, < 18.1.1)Canonical identity product-665d7155d02581979844685e7fca6c2680af997f9200af455887b1c71c483272Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:apple:iphone_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 18.0; through excluding 18.1.1
    Match ID
    786a3e4b-531f-463e-bc62-f264e562c71f
  2. cpe:2.3:o:apple:iphone_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 17.7.2
    Match ID
    f4f19e10-37ea-44e1-a425-f879c39df7a8
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMapplemacosVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 15.0, < 15.1.1)Canonical identity product-d6f53ba981bb58ea2b0d24855b8ff4a18555e3a17a9dce0d38460a69537bbc63Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 15.0; through excluding 15.1.1
    Match ID
    afc09e08-0fba-4d99-a4b6-5562a8484be6
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONapplesafariVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 18.1.1)Canonical identity product-3c7772db507b09c802755f0f7a9c9fce988300ebb3425947843e4ccbcfe8ffedLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:apple:safari:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 18.1.1
    Match ID
    5bf8ccea-ce0f-46df-9a7a-83a55de97bce
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMapplevisionosVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 2.1.1)Canonical identity product-19ea67d4e45cd0ba7b7dd3f37fc826621c69bf7424ebc0f3a2c1b0555b2cb8beLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:apple:visionos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 6
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 2.1.1
    Match ID
    642bdc87-257b-4b0e-88d4-ddfc26f0723f
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMdebiandebian_linuxVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version 11.0Canonical identity product-3ccb4bc87dfae98fa2f2a06435fe5b3d9be78572fb958a89f2d7a96b4066447eLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    fa6feec2-9f11-4643-8827-749718254fed

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

6 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-d6ed6f1e35de2e16a8a10f2ae364dab009bb2afadd609071b20da24d60ce2829 · product-19ea67d4e45cd0ba7b7dd3f37fc826621c69bf7424ebc0f3a2c1b0555b2cb8be

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
d81b25fe-8ee5-4649-a2d3-dd00b3dd6711
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-d6ed6f1e35de2e16a8a10f2ae364dab009bb2afadd609071b20da24d60ce2829 · product-3c7772db507b09c802755f0f7a9c9fce988300ebb3425947843e4ccbcfe8ffed

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
7f094e7c-d97c-4187-a35a-d28b288ab243
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-66ae8c5e06427f7450637d18322b0dc411c0b469d940341cf076a620d444fe3c · product-3ccb4bc87dfae98fa2f2a06435fe5b3d9be78572fb958a89f2d7a96b4066447e

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
076a3c45-1319-4f0c-b831-e6864f3e6a5a
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-d6ed6f1e35de2e16a8a10f2ae364dab009bb2afadd609071b20da24d60ce2829 · product-665d7155d02581979844685e7fca6c2680af997f9200af455887b1c71c483272

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
273d661a-20d3-4f4b-9a19-a3a06b02a810adb85e30-2740-4c83-ab46-b55b20ca9143
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-d6ed6f1e35de2e16a8a10f2ae364dab009bb2afadd609071b20da24d60ce2829 · product-8e7094ac066248cd4828b6ec8e3a96d010ed1c68f6083af46638775d737da0ad

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
b2d31ab3-2e2c-41c4-a9ea-fba7b81fa86ae72cf32e-b046-4482-997b-f5f8eeb3ad3e
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-d6ed6f1e35de2e16a8a10f2ae364dab009bb2afadd609071b20da24d60ce2829 · product-d6f53ba981bb58ea2b0d24855b8ff4a18555e3a17a9dce0d38460a69537bbc63

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
4b8a2743-3df2-452a-946a-5603e9de54b2
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
11
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
15163d2b-7567-40e8-b7c4-13eb87e7fe783de6d6bf-e4c3-4f74-bab2-e2e69dd02dcc54e30d10-368f-483a-8d80-ef4b26cb210d604adc39-f555-4021-a185-a34601acb3566f5bbd68-978e-44e6-8551-274645fed17576865eb9-d773-416b-a3d9-4bc81f4185067cfff69c-8a9b-4c1b-9799-6d85cf62acf489020f67-e1cb-4b6b-ba53-430a2b345024acbe1313-0d4c-4b7f-9688-5872d982576abea72a74-f53e-4250-ac84-460cbf812499d5d15a03-668a-48e5-8dd9-f6f4e9cd10cc

Assessments

CVSS by origin

6.3
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
6.3
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
6.3
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

6.3Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
6.3
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.