CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2024-8956

PTZOptics NDI and SDI Cameras /cgi-bin/param.cgi Insufficient Authentication

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Nov 4, 2024). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 9.1. EPSS estimates 61.3% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

81.9–85.6Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

PTZOptics PT30X-SDI/NDI-xx before firmware 6.3.40 is vulnerable to an insufficient authentication issue. The camera does not properly enforce authentication to /cgi-bin/param.cgi when requests are sent without an HTTP Authorization header. The result is a remote and unauthenticated attacker can leak sensitive data such as usernames, password hashes, and configurations details. Additionally, the attacker can update individual configuration values or overwrite the whole file.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Sep 17, 2024
Updated
Nov 22, 2025
Evidence coverage
90%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

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  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    VulnCheck

    Record text: PTZOptics NDI and SDI Cameras /cgi-bin/param.cgi Insufficient Authentication

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    PTZOptics NDI and SDI Cameras /cgi-bin/param.cgi Insufficient Authentication
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: PTZOptics PT30X-SDI/NDI Cameras Authentication Bypass Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    PTZOptics PT30X-SDI/NDI Cameras Authentication Bypass Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 61.28% probability · 99.1th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.612790000000; percentile 0.990960000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Nov 4, 2024 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood61.28%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 99.1th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 9.1

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
VulnCheckOriginal assertion
Record text

PTZOptics NDI and SDI Cameras /cgi-bin/param.cgi Insufficient Authentication

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
PTZOptics NDI and SDI Cameras /cgi-bin/param.cgi Insufficient Authentication
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

PTZOptics PT30X-SDI/NDI Cameras Authentication Bypass Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
PTZOptics PT30X-SDI/NDI Cameras Authentication Bypass Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

61.28% probability · 99.1th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.612790000000; percentile 0.990960000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
4Underlying assertions
4Canonical products
2Target assertions
2Constraint assertions

Grouped from 4 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

8 scope groups

CISA-ADP · source assertedptzopticspt30x-ndi-xx-g2_firmwareDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 6.3.40 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "6.3.40", "versionType": "custom"}]
CISA-ADP · source assertedptzopticspt30x-sdi_firmwareDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 6.3.40 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "6.3.40", "versionType": "custom"}]
VulnCheck · source assertedPTZOpticsPT30X-NDIDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 6.3.40 (semver comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "6.3.40", "versionType": "semver"}]
VulnCheck · source assertedPTZOpticsPT30X-SDIDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 6.3.40 (semver comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "6.3.40", "versionType": "semver"}]
NVD CPE · HARDWAREptzopticspt30x-ndi-xx-g2Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-17650554e6aa7cd347ddbaa217fe9b432576e95265d719f9680f5b170ac4fb5fLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:ptzoptics:pt30x-ndi-xx-g2:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    c8f75e95-d59d-45d4-b798-d0493642f53e
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMptzopticspt30x-ndi-xx-g2_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 6.3.40)Canonical identity product-d5085815ef395510727fbebbf5e69e361e056d7ae7ea103060f0b507ce6f5b3bLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:ptzoptics:pt30x-ndi-xx-g2_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 6.3.40
    Match ID
    b410e242-dfee-449d-9687-6f4d0beb8f63
NVD CPE · HARDWAREptzopticspt30x-sdiEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-a27bac4c8302c9329447062ded3cf97a1b857d42a76409e2e01ec285526fa897Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:ptzoptics:pt30x-sdi:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    7462d89d-2105-417f-ab0e-d23c288156c8
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMptzopticspt30x-sdi_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 6.3.40)Canonical identity product-7e74130628b0a4c1a439e6842db1c8a2c8f40b079fed4421f5a271f3858551c0Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:ptzoptics:pt30x-sdi_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 6.3.40
    Match ID
    604c6eef-4273-4366-aff2-86c3183f545d

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

2 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-bcf2f1293e2ef0fc76231815f8d992cfcc30995eaa3174e302f85da0f26da76b · product-7e74130628b0a4c1a439e6842db1c8a2c8f40b079fed4421f5a271f3858551c0

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
d7902b7d-f8f6-41b7-836b-7b8aa2987745
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-bcf2f1293e2ef0fc76231815f8d992cfcc30995eaa3174e302f85da0f26da76b · product-d5085815ef395510727fbebbf5e69e361e056d7ae7ea103060f0b507ce6f5b3b

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
5beb5e00-b0b5-442c-a9ac-c0966ba89db2
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
4
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
53d301aa-668a-43a4-81f4-da810f549356831f8ad7-f1f0-48f3-863c-e6838b580c00f203e019-d5a1-4d57-ad92-b0338b8933bafcb9b767-29d4-4b73-b1a7-be8c8fbd9f96

Assessments

CVSS by origin

9.1
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
9.1
disclosure@vulncheck.comCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
9.1
VulnCheckCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

9.1Priority eligible

VulnCheck

CVSS 3.1 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
9.1
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.