CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2024-9463

Expedition: Unauthenticated OS Command Injection Vulnerability Leads to Firewall Credential Disclosure

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Nov 14, 2024). palo_alto reports CVSS 4.0 9.9. EPSS estimates 98.5% exploit likelihood as of Aug 26, 2026.

87.2–88.8Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

An OS command injection vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks Expedition allows an unauthenticated attacker to run arbitrary OS commands as root in Expedition, resulting in disclosure of usernames, cleartext passwords, device configurations, and device API keys of PAN-OS firewalls.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Oct 9, 2024
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
92%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

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  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    palo_alto

    Record text: Expedition: Unauthenticated OS Command Injection Vulnerability Leads to Firewall Credential Disclosure

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Expedition: Unauthenticated OS Command Injection Vulnerability Leads to Firewall Credential Disclosure
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Palo Alto Networks Expedition OS Command Injection Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Palo Alto Networks Expedition OS Command Injection Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 98.55% probability · 99.92th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.985460000000; percentile 0.999190000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Nov 14, 2024 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood98.55%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 26, 2026 · 99.9th percentile · first observed Aug 26, 2026

SeverityCVSS 9.9

palo_alto · CVSS 4.0 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
palo_altoOriginal assertion
Record text

Expedition: Unauthenticated OS Command Injection Vulnerability Leads to Firewall Credential Disclosure

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Expedition: Unauthenticated OS Command Injection Vulnerability Leads to Firewall Credential Disclosure
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Palo Alto Networks Expedition OS Command Injection Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Palo Alto Networks Expedition OS Command Injection Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

98.55% probability · 99.92th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.985460000000; percentile 0.999190000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
1Underlying assertions
1Canonical products
1Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

2 scope groups

palo_alto · source assertedPalo Alto NetworksExpeditionDirect source scope
Affected: 1.2.0 to before 1.2.96 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "1.2.0", "lessThan": "1.2.96", "versionType": "custom"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONpaloaltonetworksexpeditionVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 1.2.0, < 1.2.96)Canonical identity product-e3933ea551c48f49f74ee817562f7a403a95b17c0f20f5b486dd39314545eca7Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:paloaltonetworks:expedition:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 1.2.0; through excluding 1.2.96
    Match ID
    13e7a504-08f4-40e4-9ff5-a707daf6708a

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

1 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-14ea140e990b8248b82877833fdf14fba1a48c6d230b7a5c9157d2a4ac9f719b · product-e3933ea551c48f49f74ee817562f7a403a95b17c0f20f5b486dd39314545eca7

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
ec33a536-6862-4c79-a29f-031faa8cdaff
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
9fae9671-4d47-4952-8827-6ed35efa4bef

Assessments

CVSS by origin

7.5
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
9.9
psirt@paloaltonetworks.comCVSS 4.0 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:N/R:U/V:C/RE:H/U:Amber
9.9
palo_altoCVSS 4.0 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/AU:N/R:U/V:C/RE:H/U:Amber

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

9.9Priority eligible

palo_alto

CVSS 4.0 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/AU:N/R:U/V:C/RE:H/U:Amber
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
9.9
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.