CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2024-9680

An attacker was able to achieve code execution in the content process by exploiting a use-after-free in Animation timelines.

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Oct 15, 2024). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 9.8. EPSS estimates 23.2% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

74.1–85.5Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

An attacker was able to achieve code execution in the content process by exploiting a use-after-free in Animation timelines. We have had reports of this vulnerability being exploited in the wild. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 131.0.2, Firefox ESR < 128.3.1, Firefox ESR < 115.16.1, Thunderbird < 131.0.1, Thunderbird < 128.3.1, and Thunderbird < 115.16.0.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Oct 9, 2024
Updated
Aug 4, 2026
Evidence coverage
85%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

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  1. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Mozilla Firefox Use-After-Free Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Mozilla Firefox Use-After-Free Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    mozilla

    Record text: An attacker was able to achieve code execution in the content process by exploiting a use-after-free in Animation timelines. We have had reports of this vulnerability being exploited in the wild. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 131.0.2, Firefox ESR < 128.3.1, Firefox ESR < 115.16.1, Thunderbird < 131.0.1, Thunderbird < 128.3.1, and Thunderbird < 115.16.0.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    An attacker was able to achieve code execution in the content process by exploiting a use-after-free in Animation timelines. We have had reports of this vulnerability being exploited in the wild. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 131.0.2, Firefox ESR < 128.3.1, Firefox ESR < 115.16.1, Thunderbird < 131.0.1, Thunderbird < 128.3.1, and Thunderbird < 115.16.0.
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 23.18% probability · 97.6th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.231840000000; percentile 0.975980000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Oct 15, 2024 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood23.18%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 97.6th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 9.8

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Aug 4, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Mozilla Firefox Use-After-Free Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Mozilla Firefox Use-After-Free Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
mozillaOriginal assertion
Record text

An attacker was able to achieve code execution in the content process by exploiting a use-after-free in Animation timelines. We have had reports of this vulnerability being exploited in the wild. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 131.0.2, Firefox ESR < 128.3.1, Firefox ESR < 115.16.1, Thunderbird < 131.0.1, Thunderbird < 128.3.1, and Thunderbird < 115.16.0.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
An attacker was able to achieve code execution in the content process by exploiting a use-after-free in Animation timelines. We have had reports of this vulnerability being exploited in the wild. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 131.0.2, Firefox ESR < 128.3.1, Firefox ESR < 115.16.1, Thunderbird < 131.0.1, Thunderbird < 128.3.1, and Thunderbird < 115.16.0.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

23.18% probability · 97.6th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.231840000000; percentile 0.975980000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
7Underlying assertions
3Canonical products
7Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 2 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

15 scope groups

CISA-ADP · source assertedmozillafirefoxDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 131.0.2 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "131.0.2", "versionType": "custom"}]
CISA-ADP · source assertedmozillafirefox_esrDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 128.3.1 (custom comparison)Affected: 0 to before 115.16.1 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "128.3.1", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "115.16.1", "versionType": "custom"}]
CISA-ADP · source assertedmozillafirefox_esrDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 128.3.1 (custom comparison)Affected: 0 to before 115.16.1 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "128.3.1", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "115.16.1", "versionType": "custom"}]
CISA-ADP · source assertedmozillathunderbirdDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 131.0.1 (custom comparison)Affected: 0 to before 128.3.1 (custom comparison)Affected: 0 to before 115.16.0 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "131.0.1", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "128.3.1", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "115.16.0", "versionType": "custom"}]
CISA-ADP · source assertedmozillathunderbirdDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 131.0.1 (custom comparison)Affected: 0 to before 128.3.1 (custom comparison)Affected: 0 to before 115.16.0 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "131.0.1", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "128.3.1", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "115.16.0", "versionType": "custom"}]
CISA-ADP · source assertedmozillathunderbirdDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 131.0.1 (custom comparison)Affected: 0 to before 128.3.1 (custom comparison)Affected: 0 to before 115.16.0 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "131.0.1", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "128.3.1", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "115.16.0", "versionType": "custom"}]
mozilla · source assertedMozillaFirefoxDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified to before 131.0.2 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified", "lessThan": "131.0.2", "versionType": "custom"}]
mozilla · source assertedMozillaFirefox ESRDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified to before 128.3.1 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified", "lessThan": "128.3.1", "versionType": "custom"}]
mozilla · source assertedMozillaFirefox ESRDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified to before 115.16.1 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified", "lessThan": "115.16.1", "versionType": "custom"}]
mozilla · source assertedMozillaThunderbirdDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified to before 131.0.1 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified", "lessThan": "131.0.1", "versionType": "custom"}]
mozilla · source assertedMozillaThunderbirdDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified to before 128.3.1 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified", "lessThan": "128.3.1", "versionType": "custom"}]
mozilla · source assertedMozillaThunderbirdDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified to before 115.16.0 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified", "lessThan": "115.16.0", "versionType": "custom"}]
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMdebiandebian_linuxVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version 11.0Canonical identity product-3ccb4bc87dfae98fa2f2a06435fe5b3d9be78572fb958a89f2d7a96b4066447eLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    fa6feec2-9f11-4643-8827-749718254fed
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONmozillafirefoxVulnerable target · 3 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 115.16.1); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 128.1.0, < 128.3.1); Any version (unconstrained) (< 131.0.2)Canonical identity product-07fd419647bc4be85f7cd99fb6db991c405f59f4526c86f98007cccadd88fb6bLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:firefox:*:*:*:*:esr:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 115.16.1
    Match ID
    45244b45-832b-4c4a-8004-8d13c331e52b
  2. cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:firefox:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 131.0.2
    Match ID
    07e39fe8-1685-46d2-9e3e-2613f3852132
  3. cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:firefox:*:*:*:*:esr:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 128.1.0; through excluding 128.3.1
    Match ID
    c4aeb9bd-eb47-4f96-bc72-949023ace8ed
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONmozillathunderbirdVulnerable target · 3 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 115.16.0); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 128.0.1, < 128.3.1); Version 131.0Canonical identity product-148c720470a65e23ffba2cd2146b70004a125bb02def92b1d58b670632c22fffLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:thunderbird:131.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    fd5e6249-26bf-4e13-87d8-b15ef63a859f
  2. cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:thunderbird:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 128.0.1; through excluding 128.3.1
    Match ID
    f48d7de7-477d-4026-b6bd-bfe2bc5382f3
  3. cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:thunderbird:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 115.16.0
    Match ID
    db9a49a0-8233-46b2-894a-fad4dc6ed563

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

0 canonical links · 2 source-reported links

Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
12
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
12ad1f49-437e-4332-bc77-ae38d116df9f22e698fd-fa4c-490b-9363-7c69e308a8202e4e9398-6f3d-4852-b63b-e44f509c186c2ef39f37-e021-451b-928a-a73e51b11e213d84f352-236a-4980-87da-5b883d68b5ff436b1d31-c874-45fa-850e-715bb1f5d28958cd5c25-a558-4765-815d-f5b5c0139cf38f2f55db-497d-41b7-b3b7-b1ecf9062c8f91d0b32d-985b-416e-896e-223917533e249c6a0cd2-609d-48ef-834a-f9c592f21e39bf0c42c4-5c01-407b-ba9c-4f906873c967d5ad09d9-3094-4a05-a419-746c463a730e
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
7
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
2c6c4e93-eff5-4217-b30a-3338906c6dad2eba5b10-87f1-400e-b997-ae8226d1ba6145badeb2-0c2d-4c69-8f9b-d2290b5e3cd54cd8abc1-9c55-40a9-9058-06343716e6cb6f5a4376-f1b5-4935-82cc-d75152d4be3eb649126c-92f5-49ee-981a-bcf115538bd3d7d6f424-471b-4838-8bf5-44680f25e3c8

Assessments

CVSS by origin

9.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

9.8Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
9.8
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.