CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2025-0994

Trimble Cityworks versions prior to 15.8.9 and Cityworks with office companion versions prior to 23.10 are vulnerable to a deserialization vulnerability.

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Feb 7, 2025). icscert reports CVSS 4.0 8.6. EPSS estimates 31.3% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

75.3–78.0Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

Trimble Cityworks versions prior to 15.8.9 and Cityworks with office companion versions prior to 23.10 are vulnerable to a deserialization vulnerability. This could allow an authenticated user to perform a remote code execution attack against a customer’s Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) web server.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Feb 6, 2025
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
92%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    icscert

    Record text: Trimble Cityworks versions prior to 15.8.9 and Cityworks with office companion versions prior to 23.10 are vulnerable to a deserialization vulnerability. This could allow an authenticated user to perform a remote code execution attack against a customer’s Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) web server.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Trimble Cityworks versions prior to 15.8.9 and Cityworks with office companion versions prior to 23.10 are vulnerable to a deserialization vulnerability. This could allow an authenticated user to perform a remote code execution attack against a customer’s Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) web server.
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Trimble Cityworks Deserialization Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Trimble Cityworks Deserialization Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 31.31% probability · 98.14th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.313090000000; percentile 0.981420000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Feb 7, 2025 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood31.31%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 98.1th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 8.6

icscert · CVSS 4.0 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
icscertOriginal assertion
Record text

Trimble Cityworks versions prior to 15.8.9 and Cityworks with office companion versions prior to 23.10 are vulnerable to a deserialization vulnerability. This could allow an authenticated user to perform a remote code execution attack against a customer’s Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) web server.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Trimble Cityworks versions prior to 15.8.9 and Cityworks with office companion versions prior to 23.10 are vulnerable to a deserialization vulnerability. This could allow an authenticated user to perform a remote code execution attack against a customer’s Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) web server.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Trimble Cityworks Deserialization Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Trimble Cityworks Deserialization Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

31.31% probability · 98.14th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.313090000000; percentile 0.981420000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
2Underlying assertions
1Canonical products
2Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

3 scope groups

icscert · source assertedTrimbleCityworksDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 15.8.9 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "15.8.9", "versionType": "custom"}]
icscert · source assertedTrimbleCityworks (with office companion)Direct source scope
Affected: 0 to before 23.10 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "23.10", "versionType": "custom"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONtrimblecityworksVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 15.8.9); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 23.0, < 23.10)Canonical identity product-f98b8e9dd5d7c288164376cb57a580d524ee19d34c8d24cea24b468d26d71b1bLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:trimble:cityworks:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 15.8.9
    Match ID
    97280fe5-5f66-4b2b-88b0-6f6e671ff90a
  2. cpe:2.3:a:trimble:cityworks:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 23.0; through excluding 23.10
    Match ID
    e611e790-43d6-457e-8c82-e5cb157f14e3

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

1 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-6949488848293e43061c106de2ddb0ed565179d964eddefb57c91b62609f891e · product-f98b8e9dd5d7c288164376cb57a580d524ee19d34c8d24cea24b468d26d71b1b

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
5c708a68-0891-45d6-99f5-a38ce339d61da3d0626c-bd9e-48f4-ac15-520f49b49649
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
8128df28-8a68-414c-9349-97a8a7c72c6b9448fafb-9493-46ab-b45e-af1850f03773

Assessments

CVSS by origin

8.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.6
ics-cert@hq.dhs.govCVSS 4.0 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
8.6
icscertCVSS 4.0 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

8.6Priority eligible

icscert

CVSS 4.0 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
8.6
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.