CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2025-11371

Gladinet CentreStack and TrioFox Local File Inclusion Flaw

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Nov 4, 2025). CISA-ADP reports CVSS 3.1 7.5. EPSS estimates 92.1% exploit likelihood as of Aug 8, 2026.

81.5–82.8Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

In the default installation and configuration of Gladinet CentreStack and TrioFox, there is an unauthenticated Local File Inclusion Flaw that allows unintended disclosure of system files. Exploitation of this vulnerability has been observed in the wild. This issue impacts Gladinet CentreStack and Triofox: All versions prior to and including 16.7.10368.56560

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Oct 9, 2025
Updated
Feb 26, 2026
Evidence coverage
95%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

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  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    Huntress

    Record text: Gladinet CentreStack and TrioFox Local File Inclusion Flaw

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Gladinet CentreStack and TrioFox Local File Inclusion Flaw
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Gladinet CentreStack and Triofox Files or Directories Accessible to External Parties Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Gladinet CentreStack and Triofox Files or Directories Accessible to External Parties Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 92.09% probability · 99.81th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.920940000000; percentile 0.998110000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Nov 4, 2025 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood92.09%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 8, 2026 · 99.8th percentile · first observed Aug 8, 2026

SeverityCVSS 7.5

CISA-ADP · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
HuntressOriginal assertion
Record text

Gladinet CentreStack and TrioFox Local File Inclusion Flaw

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Gladinet CentreStack and TrioFox Local File Inclusion Flaw
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Gladinet CentreStack and Triofox Files or Directories Accessible to External Parties Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Gladinet CentreStack and Triofox Files or Directories Accessible to External Parties Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

92.09% probability · 99.81th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.920940000000; percentile 0.998110000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
2Underlying assertions
2Canonical products
2Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

3 scope groups

Huntress · source assertedGladinetCentreStack and TrioFoxDirect source scope
Affected: 0 through 16.7.10368.56560 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "versionType": "custom", "lessThanOrEqual": "16.7.10368.56560"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONgladinetcentrestackVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 16.10.10408.56683)Canonical identity product-1eeb0547193316211bd2a38b7afaa922831821ee96a27cb78d408d4c42d0b757Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:gladinet:centrestack:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 16.10.10408.56683
    Match ID
    e558139a-6a80-4baa-8786-15e5afca9c37
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONgladinettriofoxVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (<= 16.7.10368.56560)Canonical identity product-07088159044c57e39092649a4734cc5e3816990c309cc356b894fd1b4ca296fdLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:gladinet:triofox:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through including 16.7.10368.56560
    Match ID
    a8d9b616-ff33-4ff0-a97c-4c0b134e7b40

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

2 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-68b936121b7b3d9f572d04c5dcb453621680f8623258e3e84ca7dceb20e33639 · product-07088159044c57e39092649a4734cc5e3816990c309cc356b894fd1b4ca296fd

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
0fa36c81-efcb-4c4d-9936-3477c8c6aa8a
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-68b936121b7b3d9f572d04c5dcb453621680f8623258e3e84ca7dceb20e33639 · product-1eeb0547193316211bd2a38b7afaa922831821ee96a27cb78d408d4c42d0b757

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
3b1b9b1c-1906-4cec-b6e0-836275f742b5
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
ab437056-979c-49c5-b39e-95ad449a240e

Assessments

CVSS by origin

7.5
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
7.5
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

7.5Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
7.5
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.