Evidence dossier

CVE-2025-21590

Junos OS: An local attacker with shell access can execute arbitrary code

53.6–74.3Priority evidence range

As known Jul 19, 2026, 5:00 AM UTCgen-56ccdaf9

Normalized restatement

An Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization vulnerability in the kernel of Juniper Networks Junos OS allows a local attacker with high privileges to compromise the integrity of the device. A local attacker with access to the shell is able to inject arbitrary code which can compromise an affected device. This issue is not exploitable from the Junos CLI. This issue affects Junos OS: * All versions before 21.2R3-S9, * 21.4 versions before 21.4R3-S10, * 22.2 versions before 22.2R3-S6, * 22.4 versions before 22.4R3-S6, * 23.2 versions before 23.2R2-S3, * 23.4 versions before 23.4R2-S4, * 24.2 versions before 24.2R1-S2, 24.2R2.

State: PUBLISHED
Published: Mar 12, 2025
Updated: Feb 26, 2026
Evidence coverage: 72%

CISA KEVCatalog member

Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

FIRST EPSS1.66%

2026-07-18 · v2026.06.15 · percentile 74.0%

Source stateConflict visible

Distinct CVSS assessments remain side by side; none are averaged.

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPindependent enrichment

container

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Jul 19, 2026Original evidence ↗

juniperoriginal assertion

container

Junos OS: An local attacker with shell access can execute arbitrary code

Jul 19, 2026Original evidence ↗

CISA KEVoriginal assertion

observed_exploitation

Juniper Junos OS Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization Vulnerability

Jul 19, 2026Original evidence ↗

FIRST EPSSoriginal assertion

model_probability

Probability 0.016570000000; percentile 0.740030000000

Jul 19, 2026Original evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →

Juniper NetworksJunos OS

[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "21.2R3-S9", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "21.4", "lessThan": "21.4R3-S10", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "22.2", "lessThan": "22.2R3-S6", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "22.4", "lessThan": "22.4R3-S6", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "23.2", "lessThan": "23.2R2-S3", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "23.4", "lessThan": "23.4R2-S4", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "24.2", "lessThan": "24.2R1-S2, 24.2R2", "versionType": "semver"}]

unknown

Unknown vendorUnknown product

cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:*:-:*:*:*:*:*:*; end including 21.2supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.2:r1:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.2:r1-s1:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.2:r1-s2:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.2:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.2:r2-s1:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.2:r2-s2:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.2:r3:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.2:r3-s1:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.2:r3-s2:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.2:r3-s3:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.2:r3-s4:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.2:r3-s5:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.2:r3-s6:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.2:r3-s7:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.2:r3-s8:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.4:-:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.4:r1:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.4:r1-s1:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.4:r1-s2:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.4:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.4:r2-s1:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.4:r2-s2:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.4:r3:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.4:r3-s1:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.4:r3-s2:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.4:r3-s3:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.4:r3-s4:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.4:r3-s5:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.4:r3-s6:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.4:r3-s7:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.4:r3-s8:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:21.4:r3-s9:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.2:-:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.2:r1:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.2:r1-s1:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.2:r1-s2:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.2:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.2:r2-s1:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.2:r2-s2:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.2:r3:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.2:r3-s1:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.2:r3-s2:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.2:r3-s3:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.2:r3-s4:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.2:r3-s5:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.4:-:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.4:r1:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.4:r1-s1:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

Unknown vendorUnknown product

cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.4:r1-s2:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

Unknown vendorUnknown product

cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.4:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.4:r2-s1:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.4:r2-s2:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.4:r3:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.4:r3-s1:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.4:r3-s2:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.4:r3-s3:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.4:r3-s4:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

Unknown vendorUnknown product

cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:22.4:r3-s5:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

Unknown vendorUnknown product

cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:23.2:-:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:23.2:r1:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

Unknown vendorUnknown product

cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:23.2:r1-s1:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

Unknown vendorUnknown product

cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:23.2:r1-s2:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:23.2:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:23.2:r2-s1:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

Unknown vendorUnknown product

cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:23.2:r2-s2:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

Unknown vendorUnknown product

cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:23.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:23.4:-:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:23.4:r1:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:23.4:r1-s1:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:23.4:r1-s2:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:23.4:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:23.4:r2-s1:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:23.4:r2-s2:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

Unknown vendorUnknown product

cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:23.4:r2-s3:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

Unknown vendorUnknown product

cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:24.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

Unknown vendorUnknown product

cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:24.2:-:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:24.2:r1:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:24.2:r1-s1:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

Unknown vendorUnknown product

cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:24.2:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

Assessments

CVSS by origin

6.7

sirt@juniper.netCVSS 4.0 · role Secondary

CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

4.4

sirt@juniper.netCVSS 3.1 · role SecondaryCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

6.7

juniperCVSS 4.0 · role unknownCVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

4.4

juniperCVSS 3.1 · role unknownCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

Limitations and unknowns

KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; unresolved scope remains unknown.
NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative and are not independent corroboration.
Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
Factor D is unknown in Public Core because no accepted canonical mapping-obligation ledger is present.
Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.