CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2025-23006

Pre-authentication deserialization of untrusted data vulnerability has been identified in the SMA1000 Appliance Management Console (AMC) and Central Management Console (CMC),…

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Jan 24, 2025). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 9.8. EPSS estimates 23.4% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

74.2–83.0Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

Pre-authentication deserialization of untrusted data vulnerability has been identified in the SMA1000 Appliance Management Console (AMC) and Central Management Console (CMC), which in specific conditions could potentially enable a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary OS commands.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Jan 23, 2025
Updated
Aug 4, 2026
Evidence coverage
85%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

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  1. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: SonicWall SMA1000 Appliances Deserialization Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    SonicWall SMA1000 Appliances Deserialization Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    sonicwall

    Record text: Pre-authentication deserialization of untrusted data vulnerability has been identified in the SMA1000 Appliance Management Console (AMC) and Central Management Console (CMC), which in specific conditions could potentially enable a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary OS commands.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Pre-authentication deserialization of untrusted data vulnerability has been identified in the SMA1000 Appliance Management Console (AMC) and Central Management Console (CMC), which in specific conditions could potentially enable a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary OS commands.
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 23.43% probability · 97.62th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.234320000000; percentile 0.976180000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Jan 24, 2025 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood23.43%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 97.6th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 9.8

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Aug 4, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

SonicWall SMA1000 Appliances Deserialization Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
SonicWall SMA1000 Appliances Deserialization Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
sonicwallOriginal assertion
Record text

Pre-authentication deserialization of untrusted data vulnerability has been identified in the SMA1000 Appliance Management Console (AMC) and Central Management Console (CMC), which in specific conditions could potentially enable a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary OS commands.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Pre-authentication deserialization of untrusted data vulnerability has been identified in the SMA1000 Appliance Management Console (AMC) and Central Management Console (CMC), which in specific conditions could potentially enable a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary OS commands.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

23.43% probability · 97.62th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.234320000000; percentile 0.976180000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
15Underlying assertions
15Canonical products
8Target assertions
7Constraint assertions

Grouped from 15 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

16 scope groups

sonicwall · source assertedSonicWallSMA1000Direct source scope
Affected: 12.4.3-02804 (platform-hotfix) and earlier versions.
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "12.4.3-02804 (platform-hotfix) and earlier versions."}]
NVD CPE · HARDWAREsonicwallsma6200Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-0939ce4970b95fd86b81c95d3307862864185dc6dd8eecda69849d754b385e9dLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:sonicwall:sma6200:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    57b3c90f-f633-41b9-855e-902f6dc8aca5
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMsonicwallsma6200_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 12.4.3-02854)Canonical identity product-4137787e70f9baf9d5edf368fa6575d6130286654f1efae704fab4770d3691c2Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:sonicwall:sma6200_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 12.4.3-02854
    Match ID
    7b32a454-15af-4d1f-9b2e-47fa49c54944
NVD CPE · HARDWAREsonicwallsma6210Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-3fe341af8382fae157bb26d88c651ef91f414f88dcdd4994e4f6a7388805bad1Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:sonicwall:sma6210:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    2 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    7b24d300-1154-49a1-a1f3-fb0cc717166a
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMsonicwallsma6210_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 12.4.3-02854)Canonical identity product-6f624227d2e5ec64ceb81a982767d5722fdcd2dc1c8f888475df73750113b8b0Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:sonicwall:sma6210_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 12.4.3-02854
    Match ID
    03bae67d-9500-48c3-9a57-4acdc78ed2af
NVD CPE · HARDWAREsonicwallsma7200Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-70a57f9df6450354045157c2ea36450d63da6675de568845e834fbd38551ede8Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:sonicwall:sma7200:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    3 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    4f7b4ed9-7a57-48dc-aaec-a2c2eaff3b64
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMsonicwallsma7200_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 12.4.3-02854)Canonical identity product-cc8993983b74d8bea5a937e654515a129502f2d47cf91d7d60d879b587a12668Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:sonicwall:sma7200_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    3 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 12.4.3-02854
    Match ID
    5eb0e0f9-14cc-4b29-8026-6a4d3e73b46a
NVD CPE · HARDWAREsonicwallsma7210Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-bc6f664572e6d3c25216e10a8ec9cdd628a19ca537e6a40c62916991348ba356Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:sonicwall:sma7210:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    4 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    e9b414c5-c376-4216-a267-abc0930905ce
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMsonicwallsma7210_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 12.4.3-02854)Canonical identity product-159026eb0d2db11b30f641a0b5a2363858106a2bd374a9c447f8147a6e992de0Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:sonicwall:sma7210_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    4 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 12.4.3-02854
    Match ID
    6c94e32e-8fe8-43c4-b86b-cc7dbd0a9973
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONsonicwallsma8200vVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 12.4.3-02854)Canonical identity product-bfcdaca7fb346b90df5d5a2cff392214a1dfa19a92c55c4930aef860bd8b62b7Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:sonicwall:sma8200v:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 12.4.3-02854
    Match ID
    5f558e7d-e784-406b-b290-3a969de5db93
NVD CPE · HARDWAREsonicwallsra_ex6000Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-a7d9c622aacf130686982bef0c57e3ab6a36e97b13dfca79862dcba2c258400dLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:sonicwall:sra_ex6000:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    5 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    8115b7af-c785-4f68-9728-a19536eb363f
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMsonicwallsra_ex6000_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (<= 12.4.3-02804)Canonical identity product-87a282e03e9d458f2d29a78b28b6d5fc35d72dc73f4edfe2c4e9e2d166c3e07fLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:sonicwall:sra_ex6000_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    5 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through including 12.4.3-02804
    Match ID
    c1e84ddc-2cdb-447d-8403-c93fe16098c5
NVD CPE · HARDWAREsonicwallsra_ex7000Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-07343da26c41170bf12d5901d4ab272a1f3a113cc54de6dbeacc2fcd9682021eLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:sonicwall:sra_ex7000:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    6 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    13952d02-29bb-465c-8a5c-6b25cb1baecd
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMsonicwallsra_ex7000_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (<= 12.4.3-02804)Canonical identity product-cdba76a004101f7e549757c9913a80b232a08cabaaf9cb492ac21164610275d6Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:sonicwall:sra_ex7000_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    6 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through including 12.4.3-02804
    Match ID
    2f33335d-f5c2-4f1c-819d-452381dc5656
NVD CPE · HARDWAREsonicwallsra_ex9000Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-aedbf82ea7fa4a492339a0be5dbd369cd8440aa906adb5dcf8f911b5c7b7df86Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:sonicwall:sra_ex9000:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    7 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    fdfde82f-600e-48c7-ab15-adddffbfc114
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMsonicwallsra_ex9000_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (<= 12.4.3-02804)Canonical identity product-73777bb6f4ce431b4c1aec93a770a6dcba07709cef89b964389e44998b91d9ddLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:sonicwall:sra_ex9000_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    7 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through including 12.4.3-02804
    Match ID
    5c85d8d6-5330-4b9d-a870-5a43e49cedb2

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

0 canonical links · 2 source-reported links

Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
0bbeeadd-785b-4a6f-9b40-d6ba9aa241f9
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
8
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
499e482f-94d5-4dba-932b-d2ef6c81705358034be5-781d-43fe-b598-f757b5c23241a9ab2eb2-80b0-489d-9673-944572d71e7faf3cb814-c6e2-4a20-a771-5f05ee89e057d01e9f67-21a5-4232-b871-3922e6fdc91bd6f2f3c4-3376-4612-b764-fa9a8271d947eb232f56-0231-4d35-9123-3b9d118699b3f7f3b50f-69dd-4347-9574-2b5dc5ea559c

Assessments

CVSS by origin

9.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

9.8Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
9.8
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.