CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2025-23209

Potential RCE with a compromised security key in craft/cms

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Feb 20, 2025). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 8.1. EPSS estimates 21.8% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

72.0–73.8Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

Craft is a flexible, user-friendly CMS for creating custom digital experiences on the web and beyond. This is an remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability that affects Craft 4 and 5 installs where your security key has already been compromised. Anyone running an unpatched version of Craft with a compromised security key is affected. This vulnerability has been patched in Craft 5.5.8 and 4.13.8. Users who cannot update to a patched version, should rotate their security keys and ensure their privacy to help migitgate the issue.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Jan 18, 2025
Updated
Feb 26, 2026
Evidence coverage
98%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    GitHub_M

    Record text: Potential RCE with a compromised security key in craft/cms

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Potential RCE with a compromised security key in craft/cms
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Craft CMS Code Injection Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Craft CMS Code Injection Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 21.78% probability · 97.46th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.217760000000; percentile 0.974580000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Feb 20, 2025 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood21.78%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 97.5th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 8.1

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
GitHub_MOriginal assertion
Record text

Potential RCE with a compromised security key in craft/cms

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Potential RCE with a compromised security key in craft/cms
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Craft CMS Code Injection Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Craft CMS Code Injection Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

21.78% probability · 97.46th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.217760000000; percentile 0.974580000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
8Underlying assertions
1Canonical products
8Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

2 scope groups

GitHub_M · source assertedcraftcmscmsDirect source scope
Affected: >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.5.5Affected: >= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.13.8
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": ">= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.5.5"}, {"status": "affected", "version": ">= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.13.8"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONcraftcmscraft_cmsVulnerable target · 8 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (> 4.0.0, < 4.13.8); Any version (unconstrained) (> 5.0.0, < 5.5.8); Version 4.0.0; Version 5.0.0Canonical identity product-652086c7824312f8c27d52e3a413a9a70922a5b06b0e37ab334d67cee861ece6Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:craftcms:craft_cms:4.0.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    610f6de9-720f-45b3-81d5-18e7f6b090fd
  2. cpe:2.3:a:craftcms:craft_cms:4.0.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    cc2f40fc-7c27-456a-b16d-679410d1d5cf
  3. cpe:2.3:a:craftcms:craft_cms:4.0.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    fbaa8227-04f8-404c-907b-b0162b325f5a
  4. cpe:2.3:a:craftcms:craft_cms:4.0.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    21b28e2c-327a-4ce6-acad-97e459712a55
  5. cpe:2.3:a:craftcms:craft_cms:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from excluding 5.0.0; through excluding 5.5.8
    Match ID
    8dbfb276-7508-492e-acba-a229e869a831
  6. cpe:2.3:a:craftcms:craft_cms:5.0.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 6
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    1c7461cf-35ab-48e1-88b6-956dae1d2ab4
  7. cpe:2.3:a:craftcms:craft_cms:5.0.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 7
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    8d8e02d1-601a-4e2b-b619-4775bfdb72d0
  8. cpe:2.3:a:craftcms:craft_cms:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from excluding 4.0.0; through excluding 4.13.8
    Match ID
    a969ace2-4c09-452a-b9bd-113ca9a4ff30

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

1 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-dff06628f19630b48001e5732c23df2c03a0ebb17559b1a14bb6e367a6b3f6fb · product-652086c7824312f8c27d52e3a413a9a70922a5b06b0e37ab334d67cee861ece6

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
8
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
053bbe86-12be-4434-a233-0ede6d08ae2e7b004341-3768-4963-9429-d86408a72eee80edced2-2060-46a2-bf2b-8e0f4360a40e8a3c410e-49ec-4213-90a0-7c1d3e0f1ee6a8ecba24-b149-4eed-aafb-eef01cf0b36eacf65390-111e-474a-b60f-1aeb826a129fb371daee-fe44-417d-ac41-fbc8862da9bdf55937fc-3791-4046-815f-d4338b2ec3f4
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
6059e0be-c33f-4cd8-baaf-81149a54662a

Assessments

CVSS by origin

8.1
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.0
security-advisories@github.comCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.1
GitHub_MCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

8.1Display only

GitHub_M

CVSS 3.1 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Base mismatch
Recomputed
8.0
Decision reason
Outside current scoring policy
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.