Evidence dossier

CVE-2025-24993

Windows NTFS Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Mar 11, 2025). microsoft reports CVSS 3.1 7.8. EPSS estimates 2.2% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

69.6–75.5Priority evidence range

Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows NTFS allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.

State: PUBLISHED
Published: Mar 11, 2025
Updated: Feb 26, 2026
Evidence coverage: 92%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →

Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAJul 19, 2026
CISA-ADP
Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Original evidence ↗
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAJul 19, 2026
microsoft
Record text: Windows NTFS Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Windows NTFS Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Original evidence ↗
Source dateJul 16, 2026First observed by CASCAJul 19, 2026
CISA KEV
Exploitation cataloged: Microsoft Windows NTFS Heap-Based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability
Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Microsoft Windows NTFS Heap-Based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability
Original evidence ↗
Source dateAug 27, 2026First observed by CASCAAug 27, 2026
FIRST EPSS
EPSS score: 2.17% probability · 80.98th percentile
Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.021730000000; percentile 0.809790000000
Original evidence ↗

ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Mar 11, 2025 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood2.17%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 81th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 7.8

microsoft · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1

Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision: evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff: Aug 27, 2026
Resolution: None

Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision: evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff: Aug 27, 2026
Resolution: None

Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision: casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff: Aug 27, 2026
Resolution: None

Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision: casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff: Aug 27, 2026
Resolution: Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment

Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion

Field: container
Value: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAJul 19, 2026Original evidence ↗

microsoftOriginal assertion

Record text

Windows NTFS Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion

Field: container
Value: Windows NTFS Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAJul 19, 2026Original evidence ↗

CISA KEVOriginal assertion

Exploitation cataloged

Microsoft Windows NTFS Heap-Based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion

Field: observed_exploitation
Value: Microsoft Windows NTFS Heap-Based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability

Source dateJul 16, 2026First observed by CASCAJul 19, 2026Original evidence ↗

FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion

EPSS score

2.17% probability · 80.98th percentile

Inspect raw assertion

Field: model_probability
Value: Probability 0.021730000000; percentile 0.809790000000

Source dateAug 27, 2026First observed by CASCAAug 27, 2026Original evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →

28Underlying assertions

15Canonical products

28Target assertions

0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries

Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

Search scopeRoleOfficial link state

40 scope groups

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows 10 Version 1507Direct source scope

Affected: 10.0.10240.0 to before 10.0.10240.20947 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "10.0.10240.0", "lessThan": "10.0.10240.20947", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows 10 Version 1607Direct source scope

Affected: 10.0.14393.0 to before 10.0.14393.7876 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "10.0.14393.0", "lessThan": "10.0.14393.7876", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows 10 Version 1809Direct source scope

Affected: 10.0.17763.0 to before 10.0.17763.7009 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "10.0.17763.0", "lessThan": "10.0.17763.7009", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows 10 Version 21H2Direct source scope

Affected: 10.0.19044.0 to before 10.0.19044.5608 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "10.0.19044.0", "lessThan": "10.0.19044.5608", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows 10 Version 22H2Direct source scope

Affected: 10.0.19045.0 to before 10.0.19045.5608 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "10.0.19045.0", "lessThan": "10.0.19045.5608", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows 11 version 22H2Direct source scope

Affected: 10.0.22621.0 to before 10.0.22621.5039 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "10.0.22621.0", "lessThan": "10.0.22621.5039", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows 11 version 22H3Direct source scope

Affected: 10.0.22631.0 to before 10.0.22631.5039 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "10.0.22631.0", "lessThan": "10.0.22631.5039", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows 11 Version 23H2Direct source scope

Affected: 10.0.22631.0 to before 10.0.22631.5039 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "10.0.22631.0", "lessThan": "10.0.22631.5039", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows 11 Version 24H2Direct source scope

Affected: 10.0.26100.0 to before 10.0.26100.3476 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "10.0.26100.0", "lessThan": "10.0.26100.3476", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1Direct source scope

Affected: 6.1.7601.0 to before 6.1.7601.27618 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "6.1.7601.0", "lessThan": "6.1.7601.27618", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation)Direct source scope

Affected: 6.1.7601.0 to before 6.1.7601.27618 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "6.1.7601.0", "lessThan": "6.1.7601.27618", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows Server 2008 Service Pack 2Direct source scope

Affected: 6.0.6003.0 to before 6.0.6003.23168 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "6.0.6003.0", "lessThan": "6.0.6003.23168", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation)Direct source scope

Affected: 6.0.6003.0 to before 6.0.6003.23168 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "6.0.6003.0", "lessThan": "6.0.6003.23168", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows Server 2012Direct source scope

Affected: 6.2.9200.0 to before 6.2.9200.25368 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "6.2.9200.0", "lessThan": "6.2.9200.25368", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows Server 2012 R2Direct source scope

Affected: 6.3.9600.0 to before 6.3.9600.22470 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "6.3.9600.0", "lessThan": "6.3.9600.22470", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation)Direct source scope

Affected: 6.3.9600.0 to before 6.3.9600.22470 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "6.3.9600.0", "lessThan": "6.3.9600.22470", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows Server 2012 (Server Core installation)Direct source scope

Affected: 6.2.9200.0 to before 6.2.9200.25368 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "6.2.9200.0", "lessThan": "6.2.9200.25368", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows Server 2016Direct source scope

Affected: 10.0.14393.0 to before 10.0.14393.7876 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "10.0.14393.0", "lessThan": "10.0.14393.7876", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)Direct source scope

Affected: 10.0.14393.0 to before 10.0.14393.7876 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "10.0.14393.0", "lessThan": "10.0.14393.7876", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows Server 2019Direct source scope

Affected: 10.0.17763.0 to before 10.0.17763.7009 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "10.0.17763.0", "lessThan": "10.0.17763.7009", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)Direct source scope

Affected: 10.0.17763.0 to before 10.0.17763.7009 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "10.0.17763.0", "lessThan": "10.0.17763.7009", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows Server 2022Direct source scope

Affected: 10.0.20348.0 to before 10.0.20348.3328 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "10.0.20348.0", "lessThan": "10.0.20348.3328", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation)Direct source scope

Affected: 10.0.25398.0 to before 10.0.25398.1486 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "10.0.25398.0", "lessThan": "10.0.25398.1486", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows Server 2025Direct source scope

Affected: 10.0.26100.0 to before 10.0.26100.3476 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "10.0.26100.0", "lessThan": "10.0.26100.3476", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows Server 2025 (Server Core installation)Direct source scope

Affected: 10.0.26100.0 to before 10.0.26100.3476 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "10.0.26100.0", "lessThan": "10.0.26100.3476", "versionType": "custom"}]

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

15 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-026201767813843a6d53867bacde4a55c3035cb868c0a72434012c5e30dab148

Source class: Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions: 2
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

392d5fd6-b44a-4c82-b5a7-62af4f30ad114c6e9d46-3833-4a48-bdc9-423213dbf0ae

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-02e254d111ce604757a15650ef469f4f8365d6247da82ce3ac2695c3cfc7dc5f

Source class: Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions: 1
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

bc66b0e6-3ee9-4c47-8fd4-da4472e90e26

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-217b1ab3d25f361a639824f86753d418b35aa2a816ee370bb71b5d1dd883d87a

Source class: Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions: 3
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

04c38fb9-7a77-44d1-9a0b-1d6deec3b6563be0e37a-51a2-4312-9118-a1f588fac3fc7dc4297a-762c-482a-9a56-c7f6b06540a9

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-25a2932c0bbcb648f7e391c8b9d34c734e5085444c03c1c206b9d4c4baa80b25

Source class: Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions: 1
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

d66dc103-0af6-4659-a9ec-43f1c8b5ae8b

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-3fe7da0d567cbba9da3f09deea827ccacd90ac3643fc3e1622f75fb001f24443

Source class: Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions: 1
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

56b24fe5-b398-45ae-bc30-d90079161807

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-5a80416e92fed0cddbb3d4f3840218b448dee11159824ad25a0353da566963fe

Source class: Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions: 2
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

390693fa-d85a-4eea-925f-0a77d4d162196f8e6af0-960c-4dda-ac62-5d8f4508f92f

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-740fec3e9838b5eabe76ebe27e4d0d7a4cb2e0ef7e13923300d3d0b51e3fce1c

Source class: Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions: 2
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

2bfa6af6-c431-442a-8eb6-3d890c17b4bfa9a6dc7c-3e16-4179-9c90-6a840fbdd285

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-8665879a2f5fe8b8eab868c43d6ace340b95d1f3879639d97ebdf60ef7b49b5f

Source class: Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions: 2
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

0a68dbce-e434-4c57-b8d2-0252f96cd4a0a8413e0d-4b0b-4eea-964e-430ff613172e

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-9851bd571b8ab08bca589cd73710badfef557d036f0fb7707f694f1c9f597cb4

Source class: Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions: 2
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

508ad681-7c7c-4a51-a907-869affac2530a1cb711b-2740-420f-a73f-c184081ce920

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-a3084138383423221f61594e86f5b295e5e254acd7ae5284f45e0877a084db43

Source class: Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions: 2
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

5acb0203-1daf-489d-899c-f1fee3d66f12b1a86c66-95f4-4b9f-a7b7-9f7efec75010

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-a6295b9daad3ca57ce70751badba5b7fe99229c8a562cc7400e8cfef3daccaee

Source class: Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions: 3
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

31c84164-5902-4bf0-a13c-01894ec8bce93a6be787-9fad-4238-ae1e-3b9c00651e99be2d1af0-f7f3-48b1-bbaf-69ca6cf79a3b

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-bc66b50eed682b3633d0f3a2914725d0a72d6d0d5fece14f566d91bc87448c0b

Source class: Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions: 1
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

9f303f00-d991-40f7-816e-edd40d188295

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-d196d31962e613955a91e33e795c22dcfa7bf25173abebaca616a6350cce9ce1

Source class: Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions: 1
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

9dc42692-fbab-4d6c-96d0-c1539b721d3d

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-ec10c9f400f23fdf118887f60fe116ffde4adb76dcf118cdd3a7556fd033da3b

Source class: Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions: 3
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

696fcd2f-b557-4d2d-8078-7e8ded7127436b5c6fc6-c671-4322-8a15-c6c81ef792969dce48bc-bde1-4ce6-8276-3052ca5fae78

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-f8c509b6ec25f2a4338a23556be321da5a7c3e8da9f1a4c52f7f15dd0e9a0d2a

Source class: Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions: 2
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

3ee9c244-e40a-4b40-9fa1-32eae8133e9678a389c1-63e8-49fd-9373-ad0b0442808c

Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class: Direct cve affected
Assertions: 25
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

034bd36f-db97-480c-8315-1a4f85a40b0f03ee47e7-2242-442e-9b0d-c566c7bf46ce04c5ba68-891b-4292-b969-2c6b15f47e390621d152-c972-4281-998f-68bb77eb44520dd4ca75-4be0-47d5-b34e-d1c358880c4f1011b93d-9c31-487e-86ee-d59509826e501bf35655-6aa0-455e-a705-a8a7c295ccfd265bd8c2-f153-47c7-93ed-d49717976c7f2a6df6dd-c02f-4006-a730-8972fd20828f2ccddcf9-cc63-4561-b3b1-7c8a8eb306a850502fb0-ad7e-4ed1-8aaf-151c7bc769b053f282e7-1894-4399-ab52-d0347112202555087fa4-8e3e-4d9d-8227-de0f3b8fb0985df77740-2296-4193-bdfe-906cf9b1d96c7afc8d41-1e07-4535-83f8-3c57e19e817392556390-6b03-42df-8bc5-fd4525144709a77f5b6c-2792-4e72-a95a-b9749e99a9d0b546b612-868e-48d2-858f-ca1f67bd655eb6ca80ab-5450-4c38-ba17-df714a1c65f8b8a7ef51-6842-4dd7-9bc4-79956d9a9374dbcf0e4d-0f3f-469e-8eba-8482633847c6dcc46afe-66e6-414e-afa1-0e3e64c7f7aceb8596d7-95e8-4d06-aac4-ada57e20ab72ef8d0f2c-b2c7-414a-acfe-ff4d8b8b4e32ffcccd1d-7931-4f01-a794-b205c439f598

Assessments

CVSS by origin

7.8

secure@microsoft.comCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

7.8

microsoftCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:F/RL:O/RC:C

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

7.8Priority eligible

microsoft

CVSS 3.1 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:F/RL:O/RC:C

Validation: Valid match
Recomputed: 7.8
Decision reason: Evidence supported
Policy: casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.