CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2025-31125

Vite has a `server.fs.deny` bypassed for `inline` and `raw` with `?import` query

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Jan 22, 2026). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 7.5. Severity assessments differ within at least one CVSS version. EPSS estimates 58.5% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

71.2–78.2Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

Vite is a frontend tooling framework for javascript. Vite exposes content of non-allowed files using ?inline&import or ?raw?import. Only apps explicitly exposing the Vite dev server to the network (using --host or server.host config option) are affected. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.2.4, 6.1.3, 6.0.13, 5.4.16, and 4.5.11.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Mar 31, 2025
Updated
Jan 23, 2026
Evidence coverage
85%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    GitHub_M

    Record text: Vite has a `server.fs.deny` bypassed for `inline` and `raw` with `?import` query

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Vite has a `server.fs.deny` bypassed for `inline` and `raw` with `?import` query
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Vite Vitejs Improper Access Control Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Vite Vitejs Improper Access Control Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 58.46% probability · 99.03th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.584620000000; percentile 0.990280000000
    Original evidence ↗

Assessments differ

NVD7.5CVSS 3.1 · source date omitted
security-advisories@github.com5.3CVSS 3.1 · source date omitted

Values are shown separately by source and CVSS version.

ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Jan 22, 2026 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood58.46%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 99th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityAssessments differ

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · values shown separately below

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentAssessments differ

Eligible assertions materially conflict and remain visible side by side.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve conflict
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
GitHub_MOriginal assertion
Record text

Vite has a `server.fs.deny` bypassed for `inline` and `raw` with `?import` query

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Vite has a `server.fs.deny` bypassed for `inline` and `raw` with `?import` query
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Vite Vitejs Improper Access Control Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Vite Vitejs Improper Access Control Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

58.46% probability · 99.03th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.584620000000; percentile 0.990280000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
5Underlying assertions
1Canonical products
5Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

2 scope groups

GitHub_M · source assertedvitejsviteDirect source scope
Affected: >= 6.2.0, < 6.2.4Affected: >= 6.1.0, < 6.1.3Affected: >= 6.0.0, < 6.0.13Affected: >= 5.0.0, < 5.4.16Affected: < 4.5.11
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": ">= 6.2.0, < 6.2.4"}, {"status": "affected", "version": ">= 6.1.0, < 6.1.3"}, {"status": "affected", "version": ">= 6.0.0, < 6.0.13"}, {"status": "affected", "version": ">= 5.0.0, < 5.4.16"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "< 4.5.11"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONvitejsviteVulnerable target · 5 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 4.5.11); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 5.0.0, < 5.4.16); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 6.0.0, < 6.0.13); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 6.1.0, < 6.1.3); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 6.2.0, < 6.2.4)Canonical identity product-bde930e869c85fd229ce12fc3fa6b98002037ee9ba3601194f5d0351ac3273d4Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:vitejs:vite:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 6.0.0; through excluding 6.0.13
    Match ID
    4e94bac6-64a0-4514-85ea-e307e267d688
  2. cpe:2.3:a:vitejs:vite:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 5.0.0; through excluding 5.4.16
    Match ID
    b4b2c2b8-b924-4101-922a-f7164b58f683
  3. cpe:2.3:a:vitejs:vite:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 6.2.0; through excluding 6.2.4
    Match ID
    b3710acf-96c0-4931-a5a1-7810d116aade
  4. cpe:2.3:a:vitejs:vite:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 6.1.0; through excluding 6.1.3
    Match ID
    7e8a7ac3-d23f-44da-b505-59ce155792db
  5. cpe:2.3:a:vitejs:vite:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 4.5.11
    Match ID
    7a30c04f-cd9b-4205-bc89-9c9fe6c4b8d4

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

1 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-e17bd87cd8a3114a2418e5461c6c2e315c51d03e87335e8a9327c55212ef3b2f · product-bde930e869c85fd229ce12fc3fa6b98002037ee9ba3601194f5d0351ac3273d4

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
5
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
5f0e5bd2-2c1c-43f2-8313-26bc42eec3029a0f4ccb-4b90-4475-9348-009484c8ba51b8f0f170-eba9-4a79-b832-91795010fb40be17ff36-f711-44ea-8469-105a371b0e31d4b971f1-407f-401b-9b9d-7ab12d8aebac
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
ae67595c-ab5f-4028-bfbe-4be25a04d42f

Assessments

CVSS by origin

7.5
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
5.3
security-advisories@github.comCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
5.3
GitHub_MCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

5.3Priority eligible

GitHub_M

CVSS 3.1 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
5.3
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.