CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2025-31201

CVE-2025-31201

72.2–87.2Priority evidence range
As known Jul 19, 2026, 5:00 AM UTCgen-56ccdaf9

Normalized restatement

This issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.4.1 and iPadOS 18.4.1, macOS Sequoia 15.4.1, tvOS 18.4.1, visionOS 2.4.1. An attacker with arbitrary read and write capability may be able to bypass Pointer Authentication. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals on iOS.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Apr 16, 2025
Updated
Apr 2, 2026
Evidence coverage
85%
CISA KEVCatalog member

Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

FIRST EPSS14.65%

2026-07-18 · v2026.06.15 · percentile 96.3%

Source stateNo scored conflict

Distinct CVSS assessments remain side by side; none are averaged.

Source comparison

Who said what

appleoriginal assertion
container

This issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.4.1 and iPadOS 18.4.1, macOS Sequoia 15.4.1, tvOS 18.4.1, visionOS 2.4.1. An attacker with arbitrary read and write capability may be able to bypass Pointer Authentication. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals on iOS.

CISA-ADPindependent enrichment
container

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

CVEderivative copy
container

CVE Program Container

CISA KEVoriginal assertion
observed_exploitation

Apple Multiple Products Arbitrary Read and Write Vulnerability

FIRST EPSSoriginal assertion
model_probability

Probability 0.146520000000; percentile 0.962750000000

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
AppleiOS and iPadOS
[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "18.4.1", "versionType": "custom"}]unknown
ApplemacOS
[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "15.4.1", "versionType": "custom"}]unknown
AppletvOS
[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "18.4.1", "versionType": "custom"}]unknown
ApplevisionOS
[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "2.4.1", "versionType": "custom"}]unknown
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:apple:ipados:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*; end excluding 18.4.1supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:apple:iphone_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*; end excluding 18.4.1supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*; start including 15.0; end excluding 15.4.1supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:apple:tvos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*; end excluding 18.4.1supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:apple:visionos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*; end excluding 2.4.1supported

Assessments

CVSS by origin

9.8
134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0CVSS 3.1 · role SecondaryCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknownCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Limitations and unknowns

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; unresolved scope remains unknown.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative and are not independent corroboration.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Factor D is unknown in Public Core because no accepted canonical mapping-obligation ledger is present.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.