CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2025-32463

Sudo before 1.9.17p1 allows local users to obtain root access because /etc/nsswitch.conf from a user-controlled directory is used with the --chroot option.

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Sep 29, 2025). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 7.8. Severity assessments differ within at least one CVSS version. EPSS estimates 58.8% exploit likelihood as of Aug 26, 2026.

82.8–87.0Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

Sudo before 1.9.17p1 allows local users to obtain root access because /etc/nsswitch.conf from a user-controlled directory is used with the --chroot option.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Jun 30, 2025
Updated
Feb 26, 2026
Evidence coverage
86%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    mitre

    Record text: Sudo before 1.9.17p1 allows local users to obtain root access because /etc/nsswitch.conf from a user-controlled directory is used with the --chroot option.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Sudo before 1.9.17p1 allows local users to obtain root access because /etc/nsswitch.conf from a user-controlled directory is used with the --chroot option.
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Sudo Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Sudo Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 58.76% probability · 99.04th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.587590000000; percentile 0.990350000000
    Original evidence ↗

Assessments differ

NVD7.8CVSS 3.1 · source date omitted
cve@mitre.org9.3CVSS 3.1 · source date omitted

Values are shown separately by source and CVSS version.

ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Sep 29, 2025 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood58.76%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 26, 2026 · 99th percentile · first observed Aug 26, 2026

SeverityAssessments differ

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · values shown separately below

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentAssessments differ

Eligible assertions materially conflict and remain visible side by side.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve conflict
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
mitreOriginal assertion
Record text

Sudo before 1.9.17p1 allows local users to obtain root access because /etc/nsswitch.conf from a user-controlled directory is used with the --chroot option.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Sudo before 1.9.17p1 allows local users to obtain root access because /etc/nsswitch.conf from a user-controlled directory is used with the --chroot option.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Sudo Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Sudo Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

58.76% probability · 99.04th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.587590000000; percentile 0.990350000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
18Underlying assertions
8Canonical products
18Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 2 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

9 scope groups

mitre · source assertedSudo projectSudoDirect source scope
Affected: 1.9.14 to before 1.9.17p1 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "1.9.14", "lessThan": "1.9.17p1", "versionType": "custom"}]
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMcanonicalubuntu_linuxVulnerable target · 4 assertions
Version 22.04; Version 24.04; Version 24.10; Version 25.04Canonical identity product-a18840e4673d48e569064752e9575849e99b3f173c63d7c965c4c193bcaebef2Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:25.04:*:*:*:-:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    6b40c5ab-76d5-44e1-a571-b9a44522c6be
  2. cpe:2.3:o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:24.10:*:*:*:-:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    418a8b25-a287-4218-a10e-f9345a8e2eb7
  3. cpe:2.3:o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:24.04:*:*:*:lts:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    bf90b5a4-6e55-4369-b9d4-e7a061e797d2
  4. cpe:2.3:o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:22.04:*:*:*:lts:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    359012f1-2c63-415a-88b8-6726a87830de
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMdebiandebian_linuxVulnerable target · 3 assertions
Version 11.0; Version 12.0; Version 13.0Canonical identity product-3ccb4bc87dfae98fa2f2a06435fe5b3d9be78572fb958a89f2d7a96b4066447eLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:12.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    46d69dcc-ae4d-4ea5-861c-d60951444c6c
  2. cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:13.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 6
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    204fc6cc-9dac-45fb-8a9f-c9c8edd29d54
  3. cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    fa6feec2-9f11-4643-8827-749718254fed
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMopensuseleapVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version 15.6Canonical identity product-c27aedc6088fe47e75f3a72d532ce7dcfb4a151fd6deaeecc763cf1d10026925Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:opensuse:leap:15.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 7
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    78b4f1c7-a301-4c94-a41c-a51182b83677
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMredhatenterprise_linuxVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version 10.0Canonical identity product-ec20120153af988d42a6a2dfd3cdd9595762b35581f66014faaa4f85d8f844eeLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 8
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    d65c2163-cfc2-4abb-8f4e-cb09cebd006c
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONsudo_projectsudoVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 1.9.14, < 1.9.17); Version 1.9.17Canonical identity product-ec6c475b3590320e51239c21e46ed829733b5cf1c09b72544d59a3d581e3c831Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:sudo_project:sudo:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 1.9.14; through excluding 1.9.17
    Match ID
    91cd68ed-9a18-47b6-91e5-c20d2f69ab65
  2. cpe:2.3:a:sudo_project:sudo:1.9.17:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    b563c690-ee9a-437c-9410-54209f82f827
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMsuselinux_enterprise_desktopVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Version 15Canonical identity product-908c58b965f5cdd7f6621821fd6c68d62c5a5ce89de01a9e91af7286e0b17d41Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:suse:linux_enterprise_desktop:15:sp7:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 10
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    b4388826-a383-4fba-819a-363eaf6183de
  2. cpe:2.3:o:suse:linux_enterprise_desktop:15:sp6:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 9
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    b83183bd-a440-4697-8dd8-8a478c428984
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMsuselinux_enterprise_real_timeVulnerable target · 3 assertions
Version 15.0Canonical identity product-18a4bff43c7e88d7309ca567226571631aa3921db5d52aa6fe3203a7163c8280Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:suse:linux_enterprise_real_time:15.0:sp2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 11
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    4b0ac584-5e26-4ace-bc19-9e69a302f238
  2. cpe:2.3:o:suse:linux_enterprise_real_time:15.0:sp6:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 12
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    e8772290-7b8f-4ff3-8114-0535e84e10f5
  3. cpe:2.3:o:suse:linux_enterprise_real_time:15.0:sp7:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 13
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    bf782a24-9e6b-4897-9402-37dbca7a7332
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMsuselinux_enterprise_server_for_sapVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Version 12Canonical identity product-77104bf0dd3da84a1b67662faed314fc8449dd6786fb5a49dce9ea9e3f203766Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:suse:linux_enterprise_server_for_sap:12:sp6:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 14
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    44807632-7775-4496-9217-5f5816943d29
  2. cpe:2.3:o:suse:linux_enterprise_server_for_sap:12:sp7:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 15
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    2f46e618-b5f5-4ca1-8023-8e9c3e1772a2

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

8 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-6bbcd126779403146e957d68529786b086421e0676d9e90a4d53d03594694fb2 · product-18a4bff43c7e88d7309ca567226571631aa3921db5d52aa6fe3203a7163c8280

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
3
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
b475956d-bedb-407f-8384-978eb34879c0ec5edf0a-db3c-420e-a579-707d8e65b0d4fb68a3f1-37e3-4307-9b6a-4e0de6e5df64
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-66ae8c5e06427f7450637d18322b0dc411c0b469d940341cf076a620d444fe3c · product-3ccb4bc87dfae98fa2f2a06435fe5b3d9be78572fb958a89f2d7a96b4066447e

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
3
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
95ff9af9-a249-49e4-8376-72fde15fbe64ca0a7a97-c610-4f22-a4f6-d466c6956b9ed0634376-eebd-435d-9b5f-ad1553a96f8b
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-6bbcd126779403146e957d68529786b086421e0676d9e90a4d53d03594694fb2 · product-77104bf0dd3da84a1b67662faed314fc8449dd6786fb5a49dce9ea9e3f203766

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
413f3875-3ebd-4845-8866-f82de5faaad54c0665be-31b3-4405-9170-1d69ff721aba
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-6bbcd126779403146e957d68529786b086421e0676d9e90a4d53d03594694fb2 · product-908c58b965f5cdd7f6621821fd6c68d62c5a5ce89de01a9e91af7286e0b17d41

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
29bab972-23d7-48c1-9234-72c4670fe8c19071eef5-aa5a-4327-8d48-d12468f7113c
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-c57a6167e95991f72f9616ac32b40463ac13c5f4929fcce3efc058b09a445b54 · product-a18840e4673d48e569064752e9575849e99b3f173c63d7c965c4c193bcaebef2

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
4
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
64717632-7a2a-4457-a5ae-efaaacd6efe18c934bfe-fba5-4312-a4cf-3ddfbff18f1c99cb1e05-0489-4bdf-bd1b-b25577ea7152adaaac99-fbcb-4853-b643-28b6d7c06db0
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-f98e1750e4b030e2bb71130d14421ff255427227a8b696c92978cf6c77fc265d · product-c27aedc6088fe47e75f3a72d532ce7dcfb4a151fd6deaeecc763cf1d10026925

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
d6adaca0-50b0-4e3b-a267-838605be3aff
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-c759fafc60d6abc1277ecbf1ee6294d1f25ae0a4c7d5d0d9355c414b2db182cc · product-ec20120153af988d42a6a2dfd3cdd9595762b35581f66014faaa4f85d8f844ee

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
f2b678ce-62c6-4b0e-af49-bba1757b6acc
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-5a7066a47077266a770e58faac1bf034a7630fa167a90175d323b5b90214031c · product-ec6c475b3590320e51239c21e46ed829733b5cf1c09b72544d59a3d581e3c831

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
01452c0f-b156-4c76-ab57-325c56a1377bcf335011-d40b-41fc-8e4e-988b00bd44e4
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
a13b1fd7-c401-40f4-b17d-eb07633e698a

Assessments

CVSS by origin

7.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.3
cve@mitre.orgCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.3
mitreCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

9.3Priority eligible

mitre

CVSS 3.1 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
9.3
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.