CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2025-3928

Commvault Web Server unspecified vulnerability

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Apr 28, 2025). cisa-cg reports CVSS 4.0 8.7. EPSS estimates 2.1% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

67.3–68.8Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

Commvault Web Server has an unspecified vulnerability that can be exploited by a remote, authenticated attacker. According to the Commvault advisory: "Webservers can be compromised through bad actors creating and executing webshells." Fixed in version 11.36.46, 11.32.89, 11.28.141, and 11.20.217 for Windows and Linux platforms. This vulnerability was added to the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) Catalog on 2025-04-28.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Apr 25, 2025
Updated
Feb 26, 2026
Evidence coverage
97%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    cisa-cg

    Record text: Commvault Web Server unspecified vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Commvault Web Server unspecified vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Commvault Web Server Unspecified Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Commvault Web Server Unspecified Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 2.09% probability · 80.23th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.020890000000; percentile 0.802320000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Apr 28, 2025 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood2.09%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 80.2th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 8.7

cisa-cg · CVSS 4.0 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
cisa-cgOriginal assertion
Record text

Commvault Web Server unspecified vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Commvault Web Server unspecified vulnerability
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Commvault Web Server Unspecified Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Commvault Web Server Unspecified Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

2.09% probability · 80.23th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.020890000000; percentile 0.802320000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
6Underlying assertions
3Canonical products
4Target assertions
2Constraint assertions

Grouped from 2 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

4 scope groups

cisa-cg · source assertedCommvaultWeb ServerDirect source scope
Affected: 11.36.0 to before 11.36.46 (custom comparison)Unaffected: 11.36.46Affected: 11.32.0 to before 11.32.89 (custom comparison)Unaffected: 11.32.89Affected: 11.28.0 to before 11.28.141 (custom comparison)Unaffected: 11.28.141Affected: 11.20.0 to before 11.20.217 (custom comparison)Unaffected: 11.20.217
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "11.36.0", "lessThan": "11.36.46", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "11.36.46"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "11.32.0", "lessThan": "11.32.89", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "11.32.89"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "11.28.0", "lessThan": "11.28.141", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "11.28.141"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "11.20.0", "lessThan": "11.20.217", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "11.20.217"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONcommvaultcommvaultVulnerable target · 4 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 11.20.0, < 11.20.217); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 11.28.0, < 11.28.141); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 11.32.0, < 11.32.89); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 11.36.0, < 11.36.46)Canonical identity product-6a693154dd1abf16cd25e1d12da8fcc9b1b03bccdd27a8df2e7e254ee1044f06Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:commvault:commvault:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 11.36.0; through excluding 11.36.46
    Match ID
    8db5094f-ded6-4eaf-a06a-c6456f77c76d
  2. cpe:2.3:a:commvault:commvault:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 11.20.0; through excluding 11.20.217
    Match ID
    a0178101-5b30-4072-b014-4562f43074d9
  3. cpe:2.3:a:commvault:commvault:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 11.32.0; through excluding 11.32.89
    Match ID
    0f02e229-c8e4-4bb1-821f-16bab20e8cd4
  4. cpe:2.3:a:commvault:commvault:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 11.28.0; through excluding 11.28.141
    Match ID
    4a2914be-4680-40c4-8aff-f76393197d84
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMlinuxlinux_kernelEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-0eda7a801761be4590f267cf319481c8c0aaa30546d99cc064edf77989ce05c9Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    703af700-7a70-47e2-bc3a-7fd03b3ca9c1
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMmicrosoftwindowsEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-6a798dc931affc038ba266631a506d54b455ffebd96b4fae68f77b6bd7aef178Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    a2572d17-1de6-457b-99cc-64afd54487ea

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

1 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-1b6133162c3b3fde34e4a2034f2c7b5a82234d901fde60721342cbcfb8f6539f · product-6a693154dd1abf16cd25e1d12da8fcc9b1b03bccdd27a8df2e7e254ee1044f06

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
4
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
269173cb-1540-4c76-b119-50e5ef8d4710a999780d-2bf6-4ac0-9829-bc9db011dfd9bfbcb972-96ab-4c54-bf69-2ebd6707d183d808c60a-71c3-4def-8750-f608514c9621
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
6346d422-ee3c-4ee7-bc1d-3ed2cf18d552

Assessments

CVSS by origin

8.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.7
CVE Program sourceCVSS 4.0 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
8.8
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.7
cisa-cgCVSS 4.0 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
8.8
cisa-cgCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

8.7Priority eligible

cisa-cg

CVSS 4.0 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
8.7
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
8.8Priority eligible

cisa-cg

CVSS 3.1 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
8.8
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.