CISA KEV · catalog date Sep 18, 2026 · first observed Sep 18, 2026
Evidence dossier
CVE-2025-39682
tls: fix handling of zero-length records on the rx_list
Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Sep 18, 2026). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 9.8. EPSS estimates 2.9% exploit likelihood as of Oct 22, 2026.
As of Oct 22, 2026
Normalized restatement
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: tls: fix handling of zero-length records on the rx_list Each recvmsg() call must process either - only contiguous DATA records (any number of them) - one non-DATA record If the next record has different type than what has already been processed we break out of the main processing loop. If the record has already been decrypted (which may be the case for TLS 1.3 where we don't know type until decryption) we queue the pending record to the rx_list. Next recvmsg() will pick it up from there. Queuing the skb to rx_list after zero-copy decrypt is not possible, since in that case we decrypted directly to the user space buffer, and we don't have an skb to queue (darg.skb points to the ciphertext skb for access to metadata like length). Only data records are allowed zero-copy, and we break the processing loop after each non-data record. So we should never zero-copy and then find out that the record type has changed. The corner case we missed is when the initial record comes from rx_list, and it's zero length.
- State
- PUBLISHED
- Published
- Sep 5, 2025
- Updated
- Oct 7, 2026
- Evidence coverage
- 85%
Evidence chronology
What was known when
- Source dateFirst observed by CASCACISA KEVOriginal evidence ↗
Exploitation cataloged: Linux Kernel Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions Vulnerability
Inspect raw assertion
- Field
observed_exploitation- Value
- Linux Kernel Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions Vulnerability
- Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCACISA-ADPOriginal evidence ↗
Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Inspect raw assertion
- Field
container- Value
- CISA ADP Vulnrichment
- Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCACVE ProgramOriginal evidence ↗
Record text: CVE Program Container
Inspect raw assertion
- Field
container- Value
- CVE Program Container
- Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCALinuxOriginal evidence ↗
Record text: tls: fix handling of zero-length records on the rx_list
Inspect raw assertion
- Field
container- Value
- tls: fix handling of zero-length records on the rx_list
- Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAsiemens-SADPOriginal evidence ↗
Record text: Container present
Inspect raw assertion
- Field
container- Value
- Container present
- Source dateFirst observed by CASCAFIRST EPSSOriginal evidence ↗
EPSS score: 2.88% probability · 86.75th percentile
Inspect raw assertion
- Field
model_probability- Value
- Probability 0.028800000000; percentile 0.867500000000
FIRST EPSS · score date Oct 22, 2026 · 86.8th percentile · first observed Oct 22, 2026
NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Oct 21, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot
Evidence detail
Source limits and decisions
Why each evidence state has this value
casca-unknown-reasons-v1The last verified source boundary remains in force for this claim.
- Revision
- evidence-policy-v1.1.0
- Cutoff
- Oct 22, 2026
- Resolution
- Review source contract
Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.
- Revision
- evidence-policy-v1.1.0
- Cutoff
- Oct 22, 2026
- Resolution
- None
Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.
- Revision
- casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
- Cutoff
- Oct 22, 2026
- Resolution
- None
The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.
- Revision
- casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
- Cutoff
- Oct 22, 2026
- Resolution
- Resolve identity
Source comparison
Who said what
Linux Kernel Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions Vulnerability
Inspect raw assertion
- Field
observed_exploitation- Value
- Linux Kernel Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions Vulnerability
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Inspect raw assertion
- Field
container- Value
- CISA ADP Vulnrichment
CVE Program Container
Inspect raw assertion
- Field
container- Value
- CVE Program Container
tls: fix handling of zero-length records on the rx_list
Inspect raw assertion
- Field
container- Value
- tls: fix handling of zero-length records on the rx_list
Container present
Inspect raw assertion
- Field
container- Value
- Container present
2.88% probability · 86.75th percentile
Inspect raw assertion
- Field
model_probability- Value
- Probability 0.028800000000; percentile 0.867500000000
Applicability
Cited product scope
Grouped from 2 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.
Identity source boundaries
- Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z
27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa - Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z
955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e
5 scope groups
Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.
Inspect raw assertion
[{"status": "affected", "version": "84c61fe1a75b4255df1e1e7c054c9e6d048da417", "lessThan": "2902c3ebcca52ca845c03182000e8d71d3a5196f", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "84c61fe1a75b4255df1e1e7c054c9e6d048da417", "lessThan": "c09dd3773b5950e9cfb6c9b9a5f6e36d06c62677", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "84c61fe1a75b4255df1e1e7c054c9e6d048da417", "lessThan": "3439c15ae91a517cf3c650ea15a8987699416ad9", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "84c61fe1a75b4255df1e1e7c054c9e6d048da417", "lessThan": "29c0ce3c8cdb6dc5d61139c937f34cb888a6f42e", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "84c61fe1a75b4255df1e1e7c054c9e6d048da417", "lessThan": "62708b9452f8eb77513115b17c4f8d1a22ebf843", "versionType": "git"}]Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.
Inspect raw assertion
[{"status": "affected", "version": "6.0"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "6.0", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.1.149", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.103", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.44", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.16.4", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.17", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix", "lessThanOrEqual": "*"}]Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.
Inspect raw assertion
[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "V5.0", "versionType": "custom"}]product-3ccb4bc87dfae98fa2f2a06435fe5b3d9be78572fb958a89f2d7a96b4066447eLinked exactInspect raw assertion
cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*- Official link
- Linked exact
- Role
- Vulnerable target
- Configuration
- 1 · node/0 · match 0
- Logic
- OR
- Version bounds
- No explicit bounds
- Match ID
fa6feec2-9f11-4643-8827-749718254fed
product-0eda7a801761be4590f267cf319481c8c0aaa30546d99cc064edf77989ce05c9Linked exactInspect raw assertions
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*- Official link
- Linked exact
- Role
- Vulnerable target
- Configuration
- 0 · node/0 · match 1
- Logic
- OR
- Version bounds
- from including 6.2; through excluding 6.6.103
- Match ID
f2293654-7169-49b5-8d0d-ee51ef8b8e48
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*- Official link
- Linked exact
- Role
- Vulnerable target
- Configuration
- 0 · node/0 · match 3
- Logic
- OR
- Version bounds
- from including 6.13; through excluding 6.16.4
- Match ID
afc28995-b8c3-4b68-8cb6-78e792b6629d
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*- Official link
- Linked exact
- Role
- Vulnerable target
- Configuration
- 0 · node/0 · match 0
- Logic
- OR
- Version bounds
- from including 6.0; through excluding 6.1.149
- Match ID
de30211f-1a6b-457e-b19d-d3e385550199
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.17:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*- Official link
- Linked exact
- Role
- Vulnerable target
- Configuration
- 0 · node/0 · match 4
- Logic
- OR
- Version bounds
- No explicit bounds
- Match ID
327d22ef-390b-454c-bd31-2ed23c998a1c
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.17:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*- Official link
- Linked exact
- Role
- Vulnerable target
- Configuration
- 0 · node/0 · match 5
- Logic
- OR
- Version bounds
- No explicit bounds
- Match ID
c730cd9a-d969-4a8e-9522-162aaf7c0ee9
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*- Official link
- Linked exact
- Role
- Vulnerable target
- Configuration
- 0 · node/0 · match 2
- Logic
- OR
- Version bounds
- from including 6.7; through excluding 6.12.44
- Match ID
12351f24-1133-4775-960c-f2b47e81298b
Affected-product evidence
Accepted scope and product mapping
0 canonical links · 2 source-reported links
Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.
Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source
- Source class
- Direct cve affected
- Assertions
- 3
- Mapping revision
- cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
- Observed cutoff
- Oct 22, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
266412ad-d33d-4a7e-af97-d3316e9588f871f1e6e3-137b-414b-b9c0-b2d35e871db9730ab0dc-1094-4e23-8e70-dc1edee9d885Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.
Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source
- Source class
- Nvd cpe vulnerable target
- Assertions
- 8
- Mapping revision
- cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
- Observed cutoff
- Oct 22, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
0c56f3bb-938b-467e-91d0-1490dfdf4c110fae5e0f-eb14-4e59-a143-d91f087792a32912359f-39fc-464b-8696-e7cf18a2d2913e8ce06f-e5bd-4831-b294-cab4c66cd95c547043aa-ea90-45fe-92b9-8407ee38c1cc6aef45d8-96c7-4623-9433-dd5105594477778de1a9-4d1f-4207-9898-007d78a99c8185e2b676-667a-4f38-b09c-83930c721b54Assessments
CVSS by origin
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:HCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:HCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:HDirect CVE/CNA normalized decisions
Linux
CVSS 3.1 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H- Validation
- Valid match
- Recomputed
- 9.8
- Decision reason
- Evidence supported
- Policy
- casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.
Evidence boundaries
- KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
- EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
- Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
- NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
- Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
- NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
- Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
- OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
- Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
- Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.