CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2025-40602

A local privilege escalation vulnerability due to insufficient authorization in the SonicWall SMA1000 appliance management console (AMC).

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Dec 17, 2025). CISA-ADP reports CVSS 3.1 6.6. EPSS estimates 2.1% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

64.4–65.4Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

A local privilege escalation vulnerability due to insufficient authorization in the SonicWall SMA1000 appliance management console (AMC).

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Dec 18, 2025
Updated
Dec 18, 2025
Evidence coverage
98%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    sonicwall

    Record text: A local privilege escalation vulnerability due to insufficient authorization in the SonicWall SMA1000 appliance management console (AMC).

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    A local privilege escalation vulnerability due to insufficient authorization in the SonicWall SMA1000 appliance management console (AMC).
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: SonicWall SMA1000 Missing Authorization Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    SonicWall SMA1000 Missing Authorization Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 2.11% probability · 80.46th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.021140000000; percentile 0.804640000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Dec 17, 2025 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood2.11%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 80.5th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 6.6

CISA-ADP · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
sonicwallOriginal assertion
Record text

A local privilege escalation vulnerability due to insufficient authorization in the SonicWall SMA1000 appliance management console (AMC).

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
A local privilege escalation vulnerability due to insufficient authorization in the SonicWall SMA1000 appliance management console (AMC).
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

SonicWall SMA1000 Missing Authorization Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
SonicWall SMA1000 Missing Authorization Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

2.11% probability · 80.46th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.021140000000; percentile 0.804640000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
14Underlying assertions
9Canonical products
10Target assertions
4Constraint assertions

Grouped from 9 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

10 scope groups

sonicwall · source assertedSonicWallSMA1000Direct source scope
Affected: 12.4.3-03093 (platform-hotfix) and earlier versionsAffected: 12.5.0-02002 (platform-hotfix) and earlier versions
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "12.4.3-03093 (platform-hotfix) and earlier versions"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "12.5.0-02002 (platform-hotfix) and earlier versions"}]
NVD CPE · HARDWAREsonicwallsma6200Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-0939ce4970b95fd86b81c95d3307862864185dc6dd8eecda69849d754b385e9dLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:sonicwall:sma6200:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    57b3c90f-f633-41b9-855e-902f6dc8aca5
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMsonicwallsma6200_firmwareVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 12.4.3-03245); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 12.5.0, < 12.5.0-02283)Canonical identity product-4137787e70f9baf9d5edf368fa6575d6130286654f1efae704fab4770d3691c2Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:sonicwall:sma6200_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 12.4.3-03245
    Match ID
    fa502098-85d4-4263-a972-5c257a27e566
  2. cpe:2.3:o:sonicwall:sma6200_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 12.5.0; through excluding 12.5.0-02283
    Match ID
    a8117ad1-538b-4d74-b7bd-cddfdf1ca5d6
NVD CPE · HARDWAREsonicwallsma6210Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-3fe341af8382fae157bb26d88c651ef91f414f88dcdd4994e4f6a7388805bad1Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:sonicwall:sma6210:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    7b24d300-1154-49a1-a1f3-fb0cc717166a
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMsonicwallsma6210_firmwareVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 12.4.3-03245); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 12.5.0, < 12.5.0-02283)Canonical identity product-6f624227d2e5ec64ceb81a982767d5722fdcd2dc1c8f888475df73750113b8b0Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:sonicwall:sma6210_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 12.4.3-03245
    Match ID
    11f3325c-b52f-4569-a900-87a3062ba955
  2. cpe:2.3:o:sonicwall:sma6210_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 12.5.0; through excluding 12.5.0-02283
    Match ID
    83f28647-1eb1-4bd4-806e-ecfa82c7f81f
NVD CPE · HARDWAREsonicwallsma7200Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-70a57f9df6450354045157c2ea36450d63da6675de568845e834fbd38551ede8Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:sonicwall:sma7200:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    2 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    4f7b4ed9-7a57-48dc-aaec-a2c2eaff3b64
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMsonicwallsma7200_firmwareVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 12.4.3-03245); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 12.5.0, < 12.5.0-02283)Canonical identity product-cc8993983b74d8bea5a937e654515a129502f2d47cf91d7d60d879b587a12668Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:sonicwall:sma7200_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 12.5.0; through excluding 12.5.0-02283
    Match ID
    557266e9-9045-4686-b260-adcce884e47b
  2. cpe:2.3:o:sonicwall:sma7200_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 12.4.3-03245
    Match ID
    634f6a69-541b-4c08-80cc-d75bca1afa0c
NVD CPE · HARDWAREsonicwallsma7210Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-bc6f664572e6d3c25216e10a8ec9cdd628a19ca537e6a40c62916991348ba356Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:sonicwall:sma7210:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    3 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    e9b414c5-c376-4216-a267-abc0930905ce
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMsonicwallsma7210_firmwareVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 12.4.3-03245); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 12.5.0, < 12.5.0-02283)Canonical identity product-159026eb0d2db11b30f641a0b5a2363858106a2bd374a9c447f8147a6e992de0Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:sonicwall:sma7210_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    3 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 12.5.0; through excluding 12.5.0-02283
    Match ID
    3fbead8b-7c9f-445c-bdc4-e2d19291d155
  2. cpe:2.3:o:sonicwall:sma7210_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    3 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 12.4.3-03245
    Match ID
    a4bd7021-91e8-4e68-ac7b-6c971e6c6f77
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONsonicwallsma8200vVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 12.4.3-03245); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 12.5.0, < 12.5.0-02283)Canonical identity product-bfcdaca7fb346b90df5d5a2cff392214a1dfa19a92c55c4930aef860bd8b62b7Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:sonicwall:sma8200v:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    4 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 12.5.0; through excluding 12.5.0-02283
    Match ID
    42ce52e0-1cd5-4ca2-85cb-d5bdb2fe63d8
  2. cpe:2.3:a:sonicwall:sma8200v:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    4 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 12.4.3-03245
    Match ID
    a68ffd03-f144-4f74-a7fc-700ac5ca789d

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

5 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-88ea7b4aa6d07152b297937bc7e73efc70d62904e8122e245a64c5b028d9fab0 · product-159026eb0d2db11b30f641a0b5a2363858106a2bd374a9c447f8147a6e992de0

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
365e7710-abdf-4e1f-baab-4e811dc3814ee525602f-8d2e-4aba-8011-f516afc8da80
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-88ea7b4aa6d07152b297937bc7e73efc70d62904e8122e245a64c5b028d9fab0 · product-4137787e70f9baf9d5edf368fa6575d6130286654f1efae704fab4770d3691c2

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
9ecbe69c-d1f5-42d3-b1cf-cbcb9d44ad76cb580a1a-e64d-4423-b4f8-9fe185deacbc
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-88ea7b4aa6d07152b297937bc7e73efc70d62904e8122e245a64c5b028d9fab0 · product-6f624227d2e5ec64ceb81a982767d5722fdcd2dc1c8f888475df73750113b8b0

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
aa380c71-cac0-4c69-a003-b08655a0b704c343bdb3-a410-4dc9-9f50-7de30f5154aa
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-88ea7b4aa6d07152b297937bc7e73efc70d62904e8122e245a64c5b028d9fab0 · product-bfcdaca7fb346b90df5d5a2cff392214a1dfa19a92c55c4930aef860bd8b62b7

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
4d8a71fc-aaeb-4def-9d9f-72dba69bca48a19cf429-33bb-48ea-9421-a28535b61a19
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-88ea7b4aa6d07152b297937bc7e73efc70d62904e8122e245a64c5b028d9fab0 · product-cc8993983b74d8bea5a937e654515a129502f2d47cf91d7d60d879b587a12668

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
d75efe14-1850-4fc2-8ad3-26ee44fed714f7828ab2-3614-475e-893d-a357027fd147
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
c511671f-3d6c-44ea-a652-4dd55c24f22e

Assessments

CVSS by origin

6.6
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
6.6
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

6.6Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
6.6
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.