CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2025-43200

This issue was addressed with improved checks.

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Jun 16, 2025). CVE Program source reports CVSS 3.1 4.2. EPSS estimates 1.0% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

57.6–60.9Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

This issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.8.4 and iPadOS 15.8.4, iOS 16.7.11 and iPadOS 16.7.11, iOS 18.3.1 and iPadOS 18.3.1, iPadOS 17.7.5, macOS Sequoia 15.3.1, macOS Sonoma 14.7.4, macOS Ventura 13.7.4, visionOS 2.3.1, watchOS 11.3.1. A logic issue existed when processing a maliciously crafted photo or video shared via an iCloud Link. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Jun 16, 2025
Updated
Apr 2, 2026
Evidence coverage
95%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    apple

    Record text: This issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.8.4 and iPadOS 15.8.4, iOS 16.7.11 and iPadOS 16.7.11, iOS 18.3.1 and iPadOS 18.3.1, iPadOS 17.7.5, macOS Sequoia 15.3.1, macOS Sonoma 14.7.4, macOS Ventura 13.7.4, visionOS 2.3.1, watchOS 11.3.1. A logic issue existed when processing a maliciously crafted photo or video shared via an iCloud Link. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    This issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.8.4 and iPadOS 15.8.4, iOS 16.7.11 and iPadOS 16.7.11, iOS 18.3.1 and iPadOS 18.3.1, iPadOS 17.7.5, macOS Sequoia 15.3.1, macOS Sonoma 14.7.4, macOS Ventura 13.7.4, visionOS 2.3.1, watchOS 11.3.1. A logic issue existed when processing a maliciously crafted photo or video shared via an iCloud Link. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals.
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Apple Multiple Products Unspecified Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Apple Multiple Products Unspecified Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 1.03% probability · 61.27th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.010330000000; percentile 0.612720000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Jun 16, 2025 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood1.03%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 61.3th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 4.2

CVE Program source · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

appleOriginal assertion
Record text

This issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.8.4 and iPadOS 15.8.4, iOS 16.7.11 and iPadOS 16.7.11, iOS 18.3.1 and iPadOS 18.3.1, iPadOS 17.7.5, macOS Sequoia 15.3.1, macOS Sonoma 14.7.4, macOS Ventura 13.7.4, visionOS 2.3.1, watchOS 11.3.1. A logic issue existed when processing a maliciously crafted photo or video shared via an iCloud Link. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
This issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.8.4 and iPadOS 15.8.4, iOS 16.7.11 and iPadOS 16.7.11, iOS 18.3.1 and iPadOS 18.3.1, iPadOS 17.7.5, macOS Sequoia 15.3.1, macOS Sonoma 14.7.4, macOS Ventura 13.7.4, visionOS 2.3.1, watchOS 11.3.1. A logic issue existed when processing a maliciously crafted photo or video shared via an iCloud Link. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Apple Multiple Products Unspecified Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Apple Multiple Products Unspecified Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

1.03% probability · 61.27th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.010330000000; percentile 0.612720000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
12Underlying assertions
5Canonical products
12Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

10 scope groups

apple · source assertedAppleiOS and iPadOSDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 15.8.4 (custom comparison)Affected: 0 to before 16.7.11 (custom comparison)Affected: 0 to before 18.3.1 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "15.8.4", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "16.7.11", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "18.3.1", "versionType": "custom"}]
apple · source assertedAppleiPadOSDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 17.7.5 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "17.7.5", "versionType": "custom"}]
apple · source assertedApplemacOSDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 13.7.4 (custom comparison)Affected: 0 to before 14.7.4 (custom comparison)Affected: 0 to before 15.3.1 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "13.7.4", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "14.7.4", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "15.3.1", "versionType": "custom"}]
apple · source assertedApplevisionOSDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 2.3.1 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "2.3.1", "versionType": "custom"}]
apple · source assertedApplewatchOSDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 11.3.1 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "11.3.1", "versionType": "custom"}]
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMappleipadosVulnerable target · 4 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 15.8.4); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 16.0, < 16.7.11); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 17.0, < 17.7.5); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 18.0, < 18.3.1)Canonical identity product-8e7094ac066248cd4828b6ec8e3a96d010ed1c68f6083af46638775d737da0adLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:apple:ipados:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 15.8.4
    Match ID
    307f4698-5786-4ca5-98a8-e3aaf1e7a09d
  2. cpe:2.3:o:apple:ipados:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 17.0; through excluding 17.7.5
    Match ID
    fe5060e3-0884-40c3-b9ee-b0a72b7e400f
  3. cpe:2.3:o:apple:ipados:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 18.0; through excluding 18.3.1
    Match ID
    a77f4d69-3c11-4074-a7e6-c85767f026ef
  4. cpe:2.3:o:apple:ipados:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 16.0; through excluding 16.7.11
    Match ID
    9323964e-ae9a-46db-8e97-c74e77c914e2
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMappleiphone_osVulnerable target · 3 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 15.8.4); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 16.0, <= 16.7.11); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 17.0, <= 18.3.1)Canonical identity product-665d7155d02581979844685e7fca6c2680af997f9200af455887b1c71c483272Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:apple:iphone_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 6
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 17.0; through including 18.3.1
    Match ID
    36145355-2878-4236-b2b7-ed32aefd3862
  2. cpe:2.3:o:apple:iphone_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 16.0; through including 16.7.11
    Match ID
    53a97bdc-343c-4767-be85-21cb53eec517
  3. cpe:2.3:o:apple:iphone_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 15.8.4
    Match ID
    f8a92f23-f3af-4365-b405-70afc1d9ecb3
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMapplemacosVulnerable target · 3 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 13.0, < 13.7.4); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 14.0, < 14.7.4); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 15.0, < 15.3.1)Canonical identity product-d6f53ba981bb58ea2b0d24855b8ff4a18555e3a17a9dce0d38460a69537bbc63Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 7
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 13.0; through excluding 13.7.4
    Match ID
    4640edab-d949-45bf-a132-271325967b6b
  2. cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 8
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 14.0; through excluding 14.7.4
    Match ID
    d1b00e67-4ee3-49f8-9087-8c2fc95c9c6c
  3. cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 9
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 15.0; through excluding 15.3.1
    Match ID
    5a4e86b3-4331-4c55-9b1f-a15a5fc88ba9
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMapplevisionosVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 2.3.1)Canonical identity product-19ea67d4e45cd0ba7b7dd3f37fc826621c69bf7424ebc0f3a2c1b0555b2cb8beLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:apple:visionos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 10
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 2.3.1
    Match ID
    57566a2e-9b11-405d-8c46-f8fe45da464b
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMapplewatchosVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 11.3.1)Canonical identity product-1b28e85eba5cb27cd93d563b4ea63a555b916484cee543c65fdbe57d529fc0d1Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:apple:watchos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 11
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 11.3.1
    Match ID
    f898d7bc-247f-434f-9f95-7771723c4f5c

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

5 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-d6ed6f1e35de2e16a8a10f2ae364dab009bb2afadd609071b20da24d60ce2829 · product-19ea67d4e45cd0ba7b7dd3f37fc826621c69bf7424ebc0f3a2c1b0555b2cb8be

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
b50943f9-8846-4a3d-a760-c2d209d24c86
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-d6ed6f1e35de2e16a8a10f2ae364dab009bb2afadd609071b20da24d60ce2829 · product-1b28e85eba5cb27cd93d563b4ea63a555b916484cee543c65fdbe57d529fc0d1

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
62e22473-8c36-4b2e-979b-259fcaf5a380
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-d6ed6f1e35de2e16a8a10f2ae364dab009bb2afadd609071b20da24d60ce2829 · product-665d7155d02581979844685e7fca6c2680af997f9200af455887b1c71c483272

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
3
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
8efa29fb-9890-4d32-8767-5f031ba683e0ad0125bc-d8a0-4832-b76b-690d05e7a39ed5f093af-1ef0-4c60-a275-5e6dcb92db2d
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-d6ed6f1e35de2e16a8a10f2ae364dab009bb2afadd609071b20da24d60ce2829 · product-8e7094ac066248cd4828b6ec8e3a96d010ed1c68f6083af46638775d737da0ad

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
4
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
45f81503-60b3-4ae7-884b-e3ee3b6cf35c86fcf06e-1ee6-413a-8867-b1f79a3ed26098f05831-7bb9-4dbe-8c5b-f0641293c47aa673bd91-8268-4771-a354-47479d1112d4
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-d6ed6f1e35de2e16a8a10f2ae364dab009bb2afadd609071b20da24d60ce2829 · product-d6f53ba981bb58ea2b0d24855b8ff4a18555e3a17a9dce0d38460a69537bbc63

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
3
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
c54cfba6-b469-46d1-b862-056156d68413d5619eb3-77d4-4961-94ef-a60fef785c7cdf45e265-8402-4a38-abc5-c29a4198c7fe
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
5
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
09dc5470-a8c7-4551-a1e7-b8c3333a1d2230ca9328-54aa-4a10-8f2e-c87fb898006e52b9bacb-dab6-478f-98b3-c3dfece82cac610ec0c8-5ac4-474b-bb71-db90c86093add310f73f-f1ef-4a68-9897-955f803f7293

Assessments

CVSS by origin

4.2
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
4.2
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

4.2Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
4.2
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.