CISA KEV · catalog date Oct 14, 2025 · first observed Jul 19, 2026
Evidence dossier
CVE-2025-47827
In IGEL OS before 11, Secure Boot can be bypassed because the igel-flash-driver module improperly verifies a cryptographic signature.
Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Oct 14, 2025). CVE Program source reports CVSS 3.1 4.6. EPSS estimates 4.0% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.
As of Aug 27, 2026
Normalized restatement
In IGEL OS before 11, Secure Boot can be bypassed because the igel-flash-driver module improperly verifies a cryptographic signature. Ultimately, a crafted root filesystem can be mounted from an unverified SquashFS image.
- State
- PUBLISHED
- Published
- Jun 5, 2025
- Updated
- Feb 26, 2026
- Evidence coverage
- 99%
Evidence chronology
What was known when
- Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCACISA-ADPOriginal evidence ↗
Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Inspect raw assertion
- Field
container- Value
- CISA ADP Vulnrichment
- Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAmitreOriginal evidence ↗
Record text: In IGEL OS before 11, Secure Boot can be bypassed because the igel-flash-driver module improperly verifies a cryptographic signature. Ultimately, a crafted root filesystem can be mounted from an unverified SquashFS image.
Inspect raw assertion
- Field
container- Value
- In IGEL OS before 11, Secure Boot can be bypassed because the igel-flash-driver module improperly verifies a cryptographic signature. Ultimately, a crafted root filesystem can be mounted from an unverified SquashFS image.
- Source dateFirst observed by CASCACISA KEVOriginal evidence ↗
Exploitation cataloged: IGEL OS Use of a Key Past its Expiration Date Vulnerability
Inspect raw assertion
- Field
observed_exploitation- Value
- IGEL OS Use of a Key Past its Expiration Date Vulnerability
- Source dateFirst observed by CASCAFIRST EPSSOriginal evidence ↗
EPSS score: 4.04% probability · 89.85th percentile
Inspect raw assertion
- Field
model_probability- Value
- Probability 0.040350000000; percentile 0.898510000000
FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 89.9th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026
CVE Program source · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot
Evidence detail
Source limits and decisions
Why each evidence state has this value
casca-unknown-reasons-v1Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.
- Revision
- evidence-policy-v1.1.0
- Cutoff
- Aug 27, 2026
- Resolution
- None
Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.
- Revision
- evidence-policy-v1.1.0
- Cutoff
- Aug 27, 2026
- Resolution
- None
Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.
- Revision
- casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
- Cutoff
- Aug 27, 2026
- Resolution
- None
The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.
- Revision
- casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
- Cutoff
- Aug 27, 2026
- Resolution
- Resolve identity
Source comparison
Who said what
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Inspect raw assertion
- Field
container- Value
- CISA ADP Vulnrichment
In IGEL OS before 11, Secure Boot can be bypassed because the igel-flash-driver module improperly verifies a cryptographic signature. Ultimately, a crafted root filesystem can be mounted from an unverified SquashFS image.
Inspect raw assertion
- Field
container- Value
- In IGEL OS before 11, Secure Boot can be bypassed because the igel-flash-driver module improperly verifies a cryptographic signature. Ultimately, a crafted root filesystem can be mounted from an unverified SquashFS image.
IGEL OS Use of a Key Past its Expiration Date Vulnerability
Inspect raw assertion
- Field
observed_exploitation- Value
- IGEL OS Use of a Key Past its Expiration Date Vulnerability
4.04% probability · 89.85th percentile
Inspect raw assertion
- Field
model_probability- Value
- Probability 0.040350000000; percentile 0.898510000000
Applicability
Cited product scope
Grouped from 2 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.
Identity source boundaries
- Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z
27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa - Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z
955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e
17 scope groups
Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.
Inspect raw assertion
[{"status": "affected", "version": "n/a"}]product-b0f7036a2ec11f4ac9b32f920369239f1641e06230226e2e3db0bd234811f773Linked exactInspect raw assertion
cpe:2.3:o:igel:igel_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*- Official link
- Linked exact
- Role
- Vulnerable target
- Configuration
- 0 · node/0 · match 0
- Logic
- OR
- Version bounds
- through excluding 11.01.100
- Match ID
8287fe1a-4e34-40e1-9a78-619d46c07433
product-9851bd571b8ab08bca589cd73710badfef557d036f0fb7707f694f1c9f597cb4Linked exactInspect raw assertions
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1507:*:*:*:*:*:*:x86:*- Official link
- Linked exact
- Role
- Vulnerable target
- Configuration
- 1 · node/0 · match 1
- Logic
- OR
- Version bounds
- through excluding 10.0.10240.21161
- Match ID
4932cb20-d134-4edf-8f21-f9d0af80bfea
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1507:*:*:*:*:*:*:x64:*- Official link
- Linked exact
- Role
- Vulnerable target
- Configuration
- 1 · node/0 · match 0
- Logic
- OR
- Version bounds
- through excluding 10.0.10240.21161
- Match ID
030f3214-d6af-40a9-9fc9-523ac9870581
product-740fec3e9838b5eabe76ebe27e4d0d7a4cb2e0ef7e13923300d3d0b51e3fce1cLinked exactInspect raw assertions
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1607:*:*:*:*:*:*:x86:*- Official link
- Linked exact
- Role
- Vulnerable target
- Configuration
- 1 · node/0 · match 3
- Logic
- OR
- Version bounds
- through excluding 10.0.14393.8519
- Match ID
3ee0cdb1-cbf3-45f2-8f0b-96a9d0757b42
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1607:*:*:*:*:*:*:x64:*- Official link
- Linked exact
- Role
- Vulnerable target
- Configuration
- 1 · node/0 · match 2
- Logic
- OR
- Version bounds
- through excluding 10.0.14393.8519
- Match ID
d8145d41-bfb2-47a6-b5e5-1a038a27c1c1
product-a3084138383423221f61594e86f5b295e5e254acd7ae5284f45e0877a084db43Linked exactInspect raw assertions
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1809:*:*:*:*:*:*:x64:*- Official link
- Linked exact
- Role
- Vulnerable target
- Configuration
- 1 · node/0 · match 4
- Logic
- OR
- Version bounds
- through excluding 10.0.17763.7919
- Match ID
e216cd5b-8885-4e17-8718-97e88a724a44
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1809:*:*:*:*:*:*:x86:*- Official link
- Linked exact
- Role
- Vulnerable target
- Configuration
- 1 · node/0 · match 5
- Logic
- OR
- Version bounds
- through excluding 10.0.17763.7919
- Match ID
36e44227-0320-43b1-a0d9-eb28b25cdb4d
product-ec10c9f400f23fdf118887f60fe116ffde4adb76dcf118cdd3a7556fd033da3bLinked exactInspect raw assertion
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_21h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*- Official link
- Linked exact
- Role
- Vulnerable target
- Configuration
- 1 · node/0 · match 6
- Logic
- OR
- Version bounds
- through excluding 10.0.19044.6456
- Match ID
1485a427-10ff-4c39-9911-4c6f1820be7f
product-a6295b9daad3ca57ce70751badba5b7fe99229c8a562cc7400e8cfef3daccaeeLinked exactInspect raw assertion
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_22h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*- Official link
- Linked exact
- Role
- Vulnerable target
- Configuration
- 1 · node/0 · match 7
- Logic
- OR
- Version bounds
- through excluding 10.0.19045.6456
- Match ID
26caacaa-3fe8-4740-8cf2-6bf3d069c47f
product-f8c509b6ec25f2a4338a23556be321da5a7c3e8da9f1a4c52f7f15dd0e9a0d2aLinked exactInspect raw assertion
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_22h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*- Official link
- Linked exact
- Role
- Vulnerable target
- Configuration
- 1 · node/0 · match 8
- Logic
- OR
- Version bounds
- through excluding 10.0.22621.6060
- Match ID
6f387fa2-66c8-4b70-a537-65806271f16a
product-026201767813843a6d53867bacde4a55c3035cb868c0a72434012c5e30dab148Linked exactInspect raw assertion
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_23h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*- Official link
- Linked exact
- Role
- Vulnerable target
- Configuration
- 1 · node/0 · match 9
- Logic
- OR
- Version bounds
- through excluding 10.0.22631.6060
- Match ID
a3febf91-5010-4c84-b93a-6efa4838185a
product-8665879a2f5fe8b8eab868c43d6ace340b95d1f3879639d97ebdf60ef7b49b5fLinked exactInspect raw assertion
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_24h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*- Official link
- Linked exact
- Role
- Vulnerable target
- Configuration
- 1 · node/0 · match 10
- Logic
- OR
- Version bounds
- through excluding 10.0.26100.6899
- Match ID
41e9f7ac-8e6d-43a0-a157-48a5e0b5bd0d
product-e9349aae7bae97a590ecc61309b626fd2c236f349da7ff6c765ab3d5cefdfa78Linked exactInspect raw assertion
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_25h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*- Official link
- Linked exact
- Role
- Vulnerable target
- Configuration
- 1 · node/0 · match 11
- Logic
- OR
- Version bounds
- through excluding 10.0.26200.6899
- Match ID
3b77a066-4f79-4b1f-aecf-58db4c651ea5
product-5a80416e92fed0cddbb3d4f3840218b448dee11159824ad25a0353da566963feLinked exactInspect raw assertions
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2012:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*- Official link
- Linked exact
- Role
- Vulnerable target
- Configuration
- 1 · node/0 · match 13
- Logic
- OR
- Version bounds
- No explicit bounds
- Match ID
db18c4ce-5917-401e-acf7-2747084fd36e
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2012:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*- Official link
- Linked exact
- Role
- Vulnerable target
- Configuration
- 1 · node/0 · match 12
- Logic
- OR
- Version bounds
- No explicit bounds
- Match ID
a7df96f8-ba6a-4780-9ca3-f719b3f81074
product-02e254d111ce604757a15650ef469f4f8365d6247da82ce3ac2695c3cfc7dc5fLinked exactInspect raw assertion
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2016:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*- Official link
- Linked exact
- Role
- Vulnerable target
- Configuration
- 1 · node/0 · match 14
- Logic
- OR
- Version bounds
- through excluding 10.0.14393.8519
- Match ID
7a8cc16f-8b44-4e7d-8503-25d753387345
product-25a2932c0bbcb648f7e391c8b9d34c734e5085444c03c1c206b9d4c4baa80b25Linked exactInspect raw assertion
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2019:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*- Official link
- Linked exact
- Role
- Vulnerable target
- Configuration
- 1 · node/0 · match 15
- Logic
- OR
- Version bounds
- through excluding 10.0.17763.7919
- Match ID
20810926-aec9-4c09-9c52-b4b8fadecf3a
product-d196d31962e613955a91e33e795c22dcfa7bf25173abebaca616a6350cce9ce1Linked exactInspect raw assertion
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2022:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*- Official link
- Linked exact
- Role
- Vulnerable target
- Configuration
- 1 · node/0 · match 16
- Logic
- OR
- Version bounds
- through excluding 10.0.20348.4294
- Match ID
b1c1ea69-6bb8-4e59-8659-43581fdb48b7
product-bc66b50eed682b3633d0f3a2914725d0a72d6d0d5fece14f566d91bc87448c0bLinked exactInspect raw assertion
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2022_23h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*- Official link
- Linked exact
- Role
- Vulnerable target
- Configuration
- 1 · node/0 · match 17
- Logic
- OR
- Version bounds
- through excluding 10.0.25398.1913
- Match ID
370c12d6-90ef-44be-8070-aa0080c12600
product-3fe7da0d567cbba9da3f09deea827ccacd90ac3643fc3e1622f75fb001f24443Linked exactInspect raw assertion
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2025:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*- Official link
- Linked exact
- Role
- Vulnerable target
- Configuration
- 1 · node/0 · match 18
- Logic
- OR
- Version bounds
- through excluding 10.0.26100.6899
- Match ID
72c1771b-635b-41e3-84af-8822467a1869
Affected-product evidence
Accepted scope and product mapping
16 canonical links · 1 source-reported links
vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-026201767813843a6d53867bacde4a55c3035cb868c0a72434012c5e30dab148
- Source class
- Nvd cpe vulnerable target
- Assertions
- 1
- Mapping revision
- cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
- Observed cutoff
- Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
73960aca-f810-435d-8a42-d92c76b4e177vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-02e254d111ce604757a15650ef469f4f8365d6247da82ce3ac2695c3cfc7dc5f
- Source class
- Nvd cpe vulnerable target
- Assertions
- 1
- Mapping revision
- cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
- Observed cutoff
- Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
c7d20ec1-0237-4731-b3d1-c3c256b119efvendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-25a2932c0bbcb648f7e391c8b9d34c734e5085444c03c1c206b9d4c4baa80b25
- Source class
- Nvd cpe vulnerable target
- Assertions
- 1
- Mapping revision
- cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
- Observed cutoff
- Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
342b2608-836b-4f08-82cc-d65e28595b64vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-3fe7da0d567cbba9da3f09deea827ccacd90ac3643fc3e1622f75fb001f24443
- Source class
- Nvd cpe vulnerable target
- Assertions
- 1
- Mapping revision
- cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
- Observed cutoff
- Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
eaa64573-2da2-492b-8ef8-a7239c86e1e1vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-5a80416e92fed0cddbb3d4f3840218b448dee11159824ad25a0353da566963fe
- Source class
- Nvd cpe vulnerable target
- Assertions
- 2
- Mapping revision
- cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
- Observed cutoff
- Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
40007376-3151-4fa9-89b7-21f64948e199c4bd431b-68f2-432a-8fde-d705e6fd8b17vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-740fec3e9838b5eabe76ebe27e4d0d7a4cb2e0ef7e13923300d3d0b51e3fce1c
- Source class
- Nvd cpe vulnerable target
- Assertions
- 2
- Mapping revision
- cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
- Observed cutoff
- Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
00502abe-64e5-4de8-945c-281929964c500f0fdf5e-6053-4f30-b208-792aa8f23397vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-8665879a2f5fe8b8eab868c43d6ace340b95d1f3879639d97ebdf60ef7b49b5f
- Source class
- Nvd cpe vulnerable target
- Assertions
- 1
- Mapping revision
- cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
- Observed cutoff
- Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
110c91f6-f9a9-4186-b72d-1d081b446252vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-9851bd571b8ab08bca589cd73710badfef557d036f0fb7707f694f1c9f597cb4
- Source class
- Nvd cpe vulnerable target
- Assertions
- 2
- Mapping revision
- cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
- Observed cutoff
- Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
b3d1110f-5c7d-46bb-b82f-d87fcc12e281c1131cca-362e-4215-9a30-922d247d3420vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-a3084138383423221f61594e86f5b295e5e254acd7ae5284f45e0877a084db43
- Source class
- Nvd cpe vulnerable target
- Assertions
- 2
- Mapping revision
- cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
- Observed cutoff
- Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
44f18d84-55d9-493c-a578-7a0e6d45f026fe7b733a-a018-45f2-87df-676251107962vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-a6295b9daad3ca57ce70751badba5b7fe99229c8a562cc7400e8cfef3daccaee
- Source class
- Nvd cpe vulnerable target
- Assertions
- 1
- Mapping revision
- cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
- Observed cutoff
- Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
b7dbc3c2-bf91-4c3b-a60c-4007e815eadavendor-1d986553a1af38b93f00270ca71028ee5b886d396a93e80b4518183461a5be96 · product-b0f7036a2ec11f4ac9b32f920369239f1641e06230226e2e3db0bd234811f773
- Source class
- Nvd cpe vulnerable target
- Assertions
- 1
- Mapping revision
- cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
- Observed cutoff
- Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
baddd3c8-6677-45d4-92c3-9e872a181508vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-bc66b50eed682b3633d0f3a2914725d0a72d6d0d5fece14f566d91bc87448c0b
- Source class
- Nvd cpe vulnerable target
- Assertions
- 1
- Mapping revision
- cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
- Observed cutoff
- Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
45b18cf0-7ed7-4d62-8aff-697dc404840evendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-d196d31962e613955a91e33e795c22dcfa7bf25173abebaca616a6350cce9ce1
- Source class
- Nvd cpe vulnerable target
- Assertions
- 1
- Mapping revision
- cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
- Observed cutoff
- Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
06234f0b-b84f-45af-af66-752575029fa7vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-e9349aae7bae97a590ecc61309b626fd2c236f349da7ff6c765ab3d5cefdfa78
- Source class
- Nvd cpe vulnerable target
- Assertions
- 1
- Mapping revision
- cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
- Observed cutoff
- Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
092e315e-1b5d-4874-947f-e4d919e070abvendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-ec10c9f400f23fdf118887f60fe116ffde4adb76dcf118cdd3a7556fd033da3b
- Source class
- Nvd cpe vulnerable target
- Assertions
- 1
- Mapping revision
- cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
- Observed cutoff
- Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
ddde1fa3-0582-424c-af5a-33d1ad9ac8eavendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-f8c509b6ec25f2a4338a23556be321da5a7c3e8da9f1a4c52f7f15dd0e9a0d2a
- Source class
- Nvd cpe vulnerable target
- Assertions
- 1
- Mapping revision
- cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
- Observed cutoff
- Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
457a59ee-53b8-4410-92dc-231233eaf3a7Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.
Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source
- Source class
- Direct cve affected
- Assertions
- 1
- Mapping revision
- cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
- Observed cutoff
- Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
08d83701-0f2a-4cae-8faf-129a46456bb0Assessments
CVSS by origin
CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:HCVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:HDirect CVE/CNA normalized decisions
CISA-ADP
CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2
CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H- Validation
- Valid match
- Recomputed
- 4.6
- Decision reason
- Evidence supported
- Policy
- casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.
Evidence boundaries
- KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
- EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
- Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
- NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
- Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
- NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
- Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
- OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
- Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
- Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.