CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2025-48543

In multiple locations, there is a possible way to escape chrome sandbox to attack android system_server due to a use after free.

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Sep 4, 2025). CVE Program source reports CVSS 3.1 8.8. EPSS estimates 0.5% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

66.1–67.6Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

In multiple locations, there is a possible way to escape chrome sandbox to attack android system_server due to a use after free. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Sep 4, 2025
Updated
Feb 26, 2026
Evidence coverage
97%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    google_android

    Record text: In multiple locations, there is a possible way to escape chrome sandbox to attack android system_server due to a use after free. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    In multiple locations, there is a possible way to escape chrome sandbox to attack android system_server due to a use after free. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Android Runtime Use-After-Free Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Android Runtime Use-After-Free Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 0.53% probability · 42.67th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.005310000000; percentile 0.426680000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Sep 4, 2025 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood0.53%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 42.7th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 8.8

CVE Program source · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
google_androidOriginal assertion
Record text

In multiple locations, there is a possible way to escape chrome sandbox to attack android system_server due to a use after free. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
In multiple locations, there is a possible way to escape chrome sandbox to attack android system_server due to a use after free. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Android Runtime Use-After-Free Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Android Runtime Use-After-Free Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

0.53% probability · 42.67th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.005310000000; percentile 0.426680000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
4Underlying assertions
1Canonical products
4Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

2 scope groups

google_android · source assertedGoogleAndroidDirect source scope
Affected: 16Affected: 15Affected: 14Affected: 13
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "16"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "15"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "14"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "13"}]
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMgoogleandroidVulnerable target · 4 assertions
Version 13.0; Version 14.0; Version 15.0; Version 16.0Canonical identity product-92706ad297e0bcadcd6adc374dd80eb27012c37cd92e19cf49650461139673ecLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:google:android:15.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    8538774c-906d-4b03-a3e7-fa7a55e0da9e
  2. cpe:2.3:o:google:android:13.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    879ffd0c-9b38-4caa-b057-1086d794d469
  3. cpe:2.3:o:google:android:14.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    2700bcc5-634d-4ec6-ab67-5b678d5f951d
  4. cpe:2.3:o:google:android:16.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    2d49e611-5d53-479d-a981-42388fdc0e8d

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

1 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-88869ec57256fdf5d0b9ffd6f3d141ad371acdd6f81405ddb6c5e9e45b10869c · product-92706ad297e0bcadcd6adc374dd80eb27012c37cd92e19cf49650461139673ec

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
4
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
1356da42-c631-4d14-ad99-af68731ec032220878ec-e1be-42cb-94d0-78859159e8b84706e3bc-94eb-46ed-b2e6-a8ac143e58a24e4f3abd-d6e5-4651-81be-085ccad63a5c
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
b910544c-d83a-40ee-9b5e-a55e89f0cc92

Assessments

CVSS by origin

8.8
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

8.8Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
8.8
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.