CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2025-5777

NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway - Insufficient input validation leading to memory overread

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Jul 10, 2025). Citrix reports CVSS 4.0 9.3. EPSS estimates 100.0% exploit likelihood as of Aug 6, 2026.

83.2–92.0Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

Insufficient input validation leading to memory overread when the NetScaler is configured as a Gateway (VPN virtual server, ICA Proxy, CVPN, RDP Proxy) OR AAA virtual server

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Jun 17, 2025
Updated
Aug 4, 2026
Evidence coverage
85%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Citrix NetScaler ADC and Gateway Out-of-Bounds Read Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Citrix NetScaler ADC and Gateway Out-of-Bounds Read Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    Citrix

    Record text: NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway - Insufficient input validation leading to memory overread

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway - Insufficient input validation leading to memory overread
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 99.96% probability · 99.98th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.999590000000; percentile 0.999760000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Jul 10, 2025 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood99.96%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 6, 2026 · 100th percentile · first observed Aug 6, 2026

SeverityCVSS 9.3

Citrix · CVSS 4.0 · first observed Aug 4, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Citrix NetScaler ADC and Gateway Out-of-Bounds Read Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Citrix NetScaler ADC and Gateway Out-of-Bounds Read Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CitrixOriginal assertion
Record text

NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway - Insufficient input validation leading to memory overread

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway - Insufficient input validation leading to memory overread
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

99.96% probability · 99.98th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.999590000000; percentile 0.999760000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
7Underlying assertions
2Canonical products
7Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

4 scope groups

Citrix · source assertedNetScalerADCDirect source scope
Affected: 14.1 to before 43.56 (patch comparison)Affected: 13.1 to before 58.32 (patch comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "14.1", "lessThan": "43.56", "versionType": "patch"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "13.1", "lessThan": "58.32", "versionType": "patch"}]
Citrix · source assertedNetScalerGatewayDirect source scope
Affected: 14.1 to before 43.56 (patch comparison)Affected: 13.1 to before 58.32 (patch comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "14.1", "lessThan": "43.56", "versionType": "patch"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "13.1", "lessThan": "58.32", "versionType": "patch"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONcitrixnetscaler_application_delivery_controllerVulnerable target · 5 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 12.1, < 12.1-55.328); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 13.1, < 13.1-37.235); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 13.1, < 13.1-58.32); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 14.1, < 14.1-43.56)Canonical identity product-698b699e3cb954f9bb1c9b64d30a2b05877d903ca4042465e866b06d7d56b465Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:citrix:netscaler_application_delivery_controller:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 14.1; through excluding 14.1-43.56
    Match ID
    6484aa47-81f8-4ee6-9f33-96defe2f66e1
  2. cpe:2.3:a:citrix:netscaler_application_delivery_controller:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 13.1; through excluding 13.1-58.32
    Match ID
    48a64f62-2a5a-40cb-a507-a48497bd749a
  3. cpe:2.3:a:citrix:netscaler_application_delivery_controller:*:*:*:*:fips:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 13.1; through excluding 13.1-37.235
    Match ID
    7af5a6ee-84a9-42aa-bc4b-7c3367d08caf
  4. cpe:2.3:a:citrix:netscaler_application_delivery_controller:*:*:*:*:ndcpp:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 13.1; through excluding 13.1-37.235
    Match ID
    e219f46b-fcbe-4da2-9094-6ed128e8af66
  5. cpe:2.3:a:citrix:netscaler_application_delivery_controller:*:*:*:*:fips:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 12.1; through excluding 12.1-55.328
    Match ID
    d907bec2-6930-4989-a6e1-847b4763bb12
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONcitrixnetscaler_gatewayVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 13.1, < 13.1-58.32); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 14.1, < 14.1-43.56)Canonical identity product-22e4fbefa2f721b35fa638467110ee91acacd31f29e7473b059c6b09738443c7Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:citrix:netscaler_gateway:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 13.1; through excluding 13.1-58.32
    Match ID
    2c86d66f-888f-4519-b700-9adc4ee6913c
  2. cpe:2.3:a:citrix:netscaler_gateway:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 6
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 14.1; through excluding 14.1-43.56
    Match ID
    d4e61faa-9eab-4f9b-887f-c5dc0da0c633

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

0 canonical links · 2 source-reported links

Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
3f4c0601-d8c8-431f-b8c4-b418cbb4ee98bf531154-ec61-4ffa-9938-c4d88e2095eb
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
7
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
0f05612d-c423-4cb0-af53-f68034ad6c131faed3d5-c4e6-4d0c-b7de-81b887b388f83db187d4-368a-4b05-8d09-2d4426dd21c64ef51042-c0c1-47e2-8975-437d38e836e5855b1554-3fc9-443c-9220-44ee120509a89db54e3e-d3c9-40b5-9834-39bd8c25b28eff2aede6-843f-4d22-a74a-a4e487abb1de

Assessments

CVSS by origin

7.5
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
9.3
secure@citrix.comCVSS 4.0 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
9.3
CitrixCVSS 4.0 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

9.3Priority eligible

Citrix

CVSS 4.0 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
9.3
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.