CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2025-57819

FreePBX Affected by Authentication Bypass Leading to SQL Injection and RCE

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Aug 29, 2025). GitHub_M reports CVSS 4.0 10.0. EPSS estimates 88.3% exploit likelihood as of Aug 26, 2026.

86.4–88.0Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

FreePBX is an open-source web-based graphical user interface. FreePBX 15, 16, and 17 endpoints are vulnerable due to insufficiently sanitized user-supplied data allowing unauthenticated access to FreePBX Administrator leading to arbitrary database manipulation and remote code execution. This issue has been patched in endpoint versions 15.0.66, 16.0.89, and 17.0.3.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Aug 28, 2025
Updated
Feb 26, 2026
Evidence coverage
96%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

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  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    GitHub_M

    Record text: FreePBX Affected by Authentication Bypass Leading to SQL Injection and RCE

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    FreePBX Affected by Authentication Bypass Leading to SQL Injection and RCE
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Sangoma FreePBX Authentication Bypass Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Sangoma FreePBX Authentication Bypass Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 88.27% probability · 99.76th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.882690000000; percentile 0.997570000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Aug 29, 2025 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood88.27%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 26, 2026 · 99.8th percentile · first observed Aug 26, 2026

SeverityCVSS 10.0

GitHub_M · CVSS 4.0 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
GitHub_MOriginal assertion
Record text

FreePBX Affected by Authentication Bypass Leading to SQL Injection and RCE

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
FreePBX Affected by Authentication Bypass Leading to SQL Injection and RCE
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Sangoma FreePBX Authentication Bypass Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Sangoma FreePBX Authentication Bypass Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

88.27% probability · 99.76th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.882690000000; percentile 0.997570000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
3Underlying assertions
1Canonical products
3Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

2 scope groups

GitHub_M · source assertedFreePBXendpointDirect source scope
Affected: < 15.0.66Affected: < 16.0.89Affected: < 17.0.3
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "< 15.0.66"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "< 16.0.89"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "< 17.0.3"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONsangomafreepbxVulnerable target · 3 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 15.0, < 15.0.66); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 16.0, < 16.0.89); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 17.0, < 17.0.3)Canonical identity product-6840328f3972712ec7a0440d77a1f54a3c56a0361a23ce6634f6a5f79ebcc3aeLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:sangoma:freepbx:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 15.0; through excluding 15.0.66
    Match ID
    f9143871-4b1b-4e24-bec2-bfd90a93d22e
  2. cpe:2.3:a:sangoma:freepbx:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 16.0; through excluding 16.0.89
    Match ID
    ca0527bd-ae80-4126-a72a-008eec486381
  3. cpe:2.3:a:sangoma:freepbx:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 17.0; through excluding 17.0.3
    Match ID
    89857e91-c727-4043-8bce-a2a089d6f720

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

1 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-b6d5eaf551280d2272ad0ea33176117b6f2e01bfd9f4329131b7c034fb6feda7 · product-6840328f3972712ec7a0440d77a1f54a3c56a0361a23ce6634f6a5f79ebcc3ae

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
3
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
6362974c-2228-4150-ac9e-a31e67e0458ec71c0758-0448-4fb9-ba6d-e44e12d3c578d4ca30ce-43e3-4953-b9ca-0b2fb6eacd11
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
5f3599e9-58ea-4c88-bba5-379a61da999f

Assessments

CVSS by origin

9.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
10.0
security-advisories@github.comCVSS 4.0 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
10.0
GitHub_MCVSS 4.0 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

10.0Priority eligible

GitHub_M

CVSS 4.0 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
10.0
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.