CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2025-6558

Insufficient validation of untrusted input in ANGLE and GPU in Google Chrome prior to 138.0.7204.157 allowed a remote attacker to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a…

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Jul 22, 2025). CISA-ADP reports CVSS 3.1 8.8. EPSS estimates 10.9% exploit likelihood as of Oct 22, 2026.

68.6–78.1Priority evidence range
Evidence through Oct 22, 2026, 6:07 PM UTC

As of Oct 22, 2026

Normalized restatement

Insufficient validation of untrusted input in ANGLE and GPU in Google Chrome prior to 138.0.7204.157 allowed a remote attacker to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Jul 15, 2025
Updated
Oct 1, 2026
Evidence coverage
85%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

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  1. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Google Chromium ANGLE and GPU Improper Input Validation Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Google Chromium ANGLE and GPU Improper Input Validation Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    Chrome

    Record text: Insufficient validation of untrusted input in ANGLE and GPU in Google Chrome prior to 138.0.7204.157 allowed a remote attacker to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Insufficient validation of untrusted input in ANGLE and GPU in Google Chrome prior to 138.0.7204.157 allowed a remote attacker to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 10.93% probability · 95.88th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.109270000000; percentile 0.958760000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Jul 22, 2025 · first observed Sep 1, 2026

Exploit likelihood10.93%

FIRST EPSS · score date Oct 22, 2026 · 95.9th percentile · first observed Oct 22, 2026

SeverityCVSS 8.8

CISA-ADP · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Oct 1, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusLast verified source snapshot retained

The last verified source boundary remains in force for this claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Resolution
Review source contract
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Google Chromium ANGLE and GPU Improper Input Validation Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Google Chromium ANGLE and GPU Improper Input Validation Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
ChromeOriginal assertion
Record text

Insufficient validation of untrusted input in ANGLE and GPU in Google Chrome prior to 138.0.7204.157 allowed a remote attacker to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Insufficient validation of untrusted input in ANGLE and GPU in Google Chrome prior to 138.0.7204.157 allowed a remote attacker to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

10.93% probability · 95.88th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.109270000000; percentile 0.958760000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
10Underlying assertions
10Canonical products
10Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 5 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

11 scope groups

Chrome · source assertedGoogleChromeDirect source scope
Affected: 138.0.7204.157 to before 138.0.7204.157 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "138.0.7204.157", "lessThan": "138.0.7204.157", "versionType": "custom"}]
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMappleipadosVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 18.6)Canonical identity product-8e7094ac066248cd4828b6ec8e3a96d010ed1c68f6083af46638775d737da0adLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:apple:ipados:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 18.6
    Match ID
    8ed4015e-c707-4a91-86b3-23100e0dfa8f
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMappleiphone_osVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 18.6)Canonical identity product-665d7155d02581979844685e7fca6c2680af997f9200af455887b1c71c483272Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:apple:iphone_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 18.6
    Match ID
    bd9d42a7-de2a-4d5a-8c7b-002a60148483
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMapplemacosVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 15.6)Canonical identity product-d6f53ba981bb58ea2b0d24855b8ff4a18555e3a17a9dce0d38460a69537bbc63Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 15.6
    Match ID
    077e4bb7-4a8b-4d18-bcd7-2938a2b8b9c8
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONapplesafariVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 18.6)Canonical identity product-3c7772db507b09c802755f0f7a9c9fce988300ebb3425947843e4ccbcfe8ffedLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:apple:safari:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 18.6
    Match ID
    969ad7a8-5ccf-4607-bbe8-e06e642a170c
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMapplevisionosVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 2.6)Canonical identity product-19ea67d4e45cd0ba7b7dd3f37fc826621c69bf7424ebc0f3a2c1b0555b2cb8beLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:apple:visionos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 2.6
    Match ID
    eadbc0bd-ecac-4e0a-b490-24649afe5355
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMapplewatchosVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 11.6)Canonical identity product-1b28e85eba5cb27cd93d563b4ea63a555b916484cee543c65fdbe57d529fc0d1Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:apple:watchos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 11.6
    Match ID
    35d9c2d7-6120-4631-8d0b-259641dfd85b
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMdebiandebian_linuxVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version 11.0Canonical identity product-3ccb4bc87dfae98fa2f2a06435fe5b3d9be78572fb958a89f2d7a96b4066447eLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    fa6feec2-9f11-4643-8827-749718254fed
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONgooglechromeVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 138.0.7204.157)Canonical identity product-6239ec405e2e1cdd75fd8ed01bb6845a448ecca3c3edcc8b0c5ccc2adb8b6bcdLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:google:chrome:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 138.0.7204.157
    Match ID
    85e11aea-0abb-4cbb-9236-1459f7c94f7a
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONwebkitgtkwebkitgtkVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 2.48.0)Canonical identity product-7331691d1ac02379383cb61b95492a415169570a5c6729802971bb59efd91092Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:webkitgtk:webkitgtk:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    4 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 2.48.0
    Match ID
    e72e4309-7eb2-4486-9af4-06d95caf3e58
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONwpewebkitwpe_webkitVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 2.48.0)Canonical identity product-ecfcadc70c55ee6744411b43602d22503fa991d5f8b0e3924590864ec7945cc6Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:wpewebkit:wpe_webkit:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    3 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 2.48.0
    Match ID
    26159029-7303-4539-8085-94cd929a1eff

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

0 canonical links · 2 source-reported links

Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
977e4d75-e48b-40d4-a799-4bf181618220
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
10
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
061c4084-1a62-4bae-9988-653728b3648138acb38b-7170-4a29-bf37-2f308a1a0eef3e4f48ab-3702-487e-b5f2-ff276fa4691750f3fb7c-c70f-486e-be8e-e374d56131e757925a02-2908-402d-8dd8-1c3912e03f525db7d1c7-ba6a-4465-80ab-89dc53bad9bc6fbc132e-db84-4d2f-a38c-4c12c72914647c9d9a53-05d5-4366-a83c-efc655edab4684b3ce4c-3cfc-416d-b11c-5284eab39a62866f8654-6b88-466f-959d-83d2e9146f94

Assessments

CVSS by origin

8.8
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

8.8Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
8.8
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.