CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2025-68461

Roundcube Webmail before 1.5.12 and 1.6 before 1.6.12 is prone to a Cross-Site-Scripting (XSS) vulnerability via the animate tag in an SVG document.

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Feb 20, 2026). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 6.1. Severity assessments differ within at least one CVSS version. EPSS estimates 26.8% exploit likelihood as of Oct 22, 2026.

68.3–72.5Priority evidence range
Evidence through Oct 22, 2026, 6:07 PM UTC

As of Oct 22, 2026

Normalized restatement

Roundcube Webmail before 1.5.12 and 1.6 before 1.6.12 is prone to a Cross-Site-Scripting (XSS) vulnerability via the animate tag in an SVG document.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Dec 18, 2025
Updated
Oct 1, 2026
Evidence coverage
82%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

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  1. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: RoundCube Webmail Cross-site Scripting Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    RoundCube Webmail Cross-site Scripting Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    mitre

    Record text: Roundcube Webmail before 1.5.12 and 1.6 before 1.6.12 is prone to a Cross-Site-Scripting (XSS) vulnerability via the animate tag in an SVG document.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Roundcube Webmail before 1.5.12 and 1.6 before 1.6.12 is prone to a Cross-Site-Scripting (XSS) vulnerability via the animate tag in an SVG document.
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 26.84% probability · 98.04th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.268420000000; percentile 0.980350000000
    Original evidence ↗

Assessments differ

NVD6.1CVSS 3.1 · source date omitted
cve@mitre.org7.2CVSS 3.1 · source date omitted

Values are shown separately by source and CVSS version.

ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Feb 20, 2026 · first observed Sep 1, 2026

Exploit likelihood26.84%

FIRST EPSS · score date Oct 22, 2026 · 98th percentile · first observed Oct 22, 2026

SeverityAssessments differ

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · values shown separately below

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusLast verified source snapshot retained

The last verified source boundary remains in force for this claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Resolution
Review source contract
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentAssessments differ

Eligible assertions materially conflict and remain visible side by side.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Resolution
Resolve conflict
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

RoundCube Webmail Cross-site Scripting Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
RoundCube Webmail Cross-site Scripting Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
mitreOriginal assertion
Record text

Roundcube Webmail before 1.5.12 and 1.6 before 1.6.12 is prone to a Cross-Site-Scripting (XSS) vulnerability via the animate tag in an SVG document.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Roundcube Webmail before 1.5.12 and 1.6 before 1.6.12 is prone to a Cross-Site-Scripting (XSS) vulnerability via the animate tag in an SVG document.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

26.84% probability · 98.04th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.268420000000; percentile 0.980350000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
2Underlying assertions
1Canonical products
2Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

2 scope groups

mitre · source assertedRoundcubeWebmailDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 1.5.12 (semver comparison)Affected: 1.6.0 to before 1.6.12 (semver comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "1.5.12", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "1.6.0", "lessThan": "1.6.12", "versionType": "semver"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONroundcubewebmailVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 1.5.12); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 1.6.0, < 1.6.12)Canonical identity product-76727fe8712c90ab91dda56c7c24f60395233b4574759c51ef434d53d08d9bf1Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:roundcube:webmail:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 1.5.12
    Match ID
    72bdb5df-b892-4eb7-b953-bcf6571cfe33
  2. cpe:2.3:a:roundcube:webmail:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 1.6.0; through excluding 1.6.12
    Match ID
    2e7809a5-bc6e-47f6-8175-261c417a1648

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

1 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-04bf25ab3cb69267d5aa67724fc5a03de405b94e7e220256a10f771f2ee0a46f · product-76727fe8712c90ab91dda56c7c24f60395233b4574759c51ef434d53d08d9bf1

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
222d0dee-d981-4336-ac1d-92a9d6a8acad3a5858de-5e86-49cd-b9a9-9f26e3dedd3d
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
befb9308-f7ac-47bf-810f-61d0471fb45d

Assessments

CVSS by origin

6.1
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
7.2
cve@mitre.orgCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
7.2
mitreCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

7.2Priority eligible

mitre

CVSS 3.1 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
7.2
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.