CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2025-8875

Insecure Deserialization Vulnerability

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Aug 13, 2025). N-able reports CVSS 4.0 9.4. EPSS estimates 1.7% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

68.7–70.3Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in N-able N-central allows Local Execution of Code.This issue affects N-central: before 2025.3.1.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Aug 14, 2025
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
92%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

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  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    N-able

    Record text: Insecure Deserialization Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Insecure Deserialization Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: N-able N-Central Insecure Deserialization Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    N-able N-Central Insecure Deserialization Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 1.68% probability · 75.24th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.016820000000; percentile 0.752380000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Aug 13, 2025 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood1.68%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 75.2th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 9.4

N-able · CVSS 4.0 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
N-ableOriginal assertion
Record text

Insecure Deserialization Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Insecure Deserialization Vulnerability
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

N-able N-Central Insecure Deserialization Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
N-able N-Central Insecure Deserialization Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

1.68% probability · 75.24th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.016820000000; percentile 0.752380000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
1Underlying assertions
1Canonical products
1Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

2 scope groups

N-able · source assertedN-ableN-centralDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 2025.3.1 (<= comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "2025.3.1", "versionType": "<="}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONn-ablen-centralVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 2025.3.1)Canonical identity product-ebad085e791c98d76b8af7a82901ab501cba4f03de085a5399132e520f6d7ee2Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:n-able:n-central:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 2025.3.1
    Match ID
    bbfda053-af76-4028-8595-41b18d37717b

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

1 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-dc18dcb3e84283674014cb86653e484447d3031e2b81ef53a2029fbae2c31994 · product-ebad085e791c98d76b8af7a82901ab501cba4f03de085a5399132e520f6d7ee2

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
4c7c31ce-f41d-4515-bdf7-c674af3a12b8
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
f5ee6df0-aa39-40b4-b534-9f66e73a4002

Assessments

CVSS by origin

7.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.4
CVE Program sourceCVSS 4.0 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
9.4
N-ableCVSS 4.0 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

9.4Priority eligible

N-able

CVSS 4.0 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
9.4
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.