CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2025-9377

Authenticated RCE via Parental Control command injection

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Sep 3, 2025). TPLink reports CVSS 4.0 8.6. EPSS estimates 37.7% exploit likelihood as of Oct 22, 2026.

73.8–80.6Priority evidence range
Evidence through Oct 22, 2026, 6:07 PM UTC

As of Oct 22, 2026

Normalized restatement

The authenticated remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability exists in the Parental Control page on TP-Link Archer C7(EU) V2 and TL-WR841N/ND(MS) V9. This issue affects Archer C7(EU) V2: before 241108 and TL-WR841N/ND(MS) V9: before 241108. Both products have reached the status of EOL (end-of-life). It's recommending to purchase the new product to ensure better performance and security. If replacement is not an option in the short term, please use the second reference link to download and install the patch(es).

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Aug 29, 2025
Updated
Feb 26, 2026
Evidence coverage
85%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    TPLink

    Record text: Authenticated RCE via Parental Control command injection

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Authenticated RCE via Parental Control command injection
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: TP-Link Archer C7(EU) and TL-WR841N/ND(MS) OS Command Injection Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    TP-Link Archer C7(EU) and TL-WR841N/ND(MS) OS Command Injection Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 37.73% probability · 98.54th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.377310000000; percentile 0.985420000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Sep 3, 2025 · first observed Sep 1, 2026

Exploit likelihood37.73%

FIRST EPSS · score date Oct 22, 2026 · 98.5th percentile · first observed Oct 22, 2026

SeverityCVSS 8.6

TPLink · CVSS 4.0 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusLast verified source snapshot retained

The last verified source boundary remains in force for this claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Resolution
Review source contract
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
TPLinkOriginal assertion
Record text

Authenticated RCE via Parental Control command injection

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Authenticated RCE via Parental Control command injection
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

TP-Link Archer C7(EU) and TL-WR841N/ND(MS) OS Command Injection Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
TP-Link Archer C7(EU) and TL-WR841N/ND(MS) OS Command Injection Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

37.73% probability · 98.54th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.377310000000; percentile 0.985420000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
6Underlying assertions
6Canonical products
3Target assertions
3Constraint assertions

Grouped from 6 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

8 scope groups

TPLink · source assertedTP-Link Systems Inc.Archer C7(EU) V2Direct source scope
Affected: 0 to before 241108 (date comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "241108", "versionType": "date"}]
TPLink · source assertedTP-Link Systems Inc.TL-WR841N/ND(MS) V9Direct source scope
Affected: 0 to before 241108 (date comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "241108", "versionType": "date"}]
NVD CPE · HARDWAREtp-linkarcher_c7Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version 2.0Canonical identity product-2e16b6f1fcca849395b8b025fb24ab1add004eb5b94d441e141be45811fbf010Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:tp-link:archer_c7:2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    2 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    27ae1e18-d939-4db3-984a-85cb4962861c
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMtp-linkarcher_c7_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 241108)Canonical identity product-e1eea748046f3ad7b0f4f2e495731897abf6035a3375b47ba75de8da6a1aef02Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:archer_c7_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 241108
    Match ID
    3bdcf20e-f92b-4ea3-8198-1b8ddce6f2aa
NVD CPE · HARDWAREtp-linktl-wr841nEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version v9Canonical identity product-afe079d295eb0172f77ccb0bf344cffaff32f51eed83f0661820a02f614a835bLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:tp-link:tl-wr841n:v9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    c244cd5a-a9cd-4e4d-9d7b-c4443ec2435e
NVD CPE · HARDWAREtp-linktl-wr841ndEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version 9Canonical identity product-0a41b946e97d1740035d0ed9a27470f42f77d07027b6c78eefb202b905a56d3dLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:tp-link:tl-wr841nd:9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    0e48e745-0cab-412c-8b52-1f834d72f0cf
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMtp-linktl-wr841nd_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 241108)Canonical identity product-d765c7c1f3da5cd0226ffa7026873c298f2e72ae4c662125d00bb89abab02472Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:tl-wr841nd_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 241108
    Match ID
    742a0b42-6f33-429d-8290-bd2a4ac5b881
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMtp-linktl-wr841n_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 241108)Canonical identity product-d058d3adc752ef645021364b044603ee3e3e85e2803ed68bbcb5339a00fd9b14Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:tl-wr841n_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 241108
    Match ID
    87d63ad8-35d5-4ece-a29e-bc305e13cdcb

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

0 canonical links · 2 source-reported links

Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
50d455cd-0ed5-4834-98b8-09301eeb72e4aadfe582-6766-4737-9388-d18b734085d8
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
3
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
05a732ac-8a87-407d-b851-3b6e085595dd25e51617-8b63-413d-881a-dd52d2f095d1926e4eba-10ef-4d25-afcb-8d21bf0e7987

Assessments

CVSS by origin

7.2
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.6
CVE Program sourceCVSS 4.0 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
8.6
TPLinkCVSS 4.0 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

8.6Priority eligible

TPLink

CVSS 4.0 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
8.6
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.