CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2026-23760

SmarterTools SmarterMail < Build 9511 Authentication Bypass via Password Reset API

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Jan 26, 2026). VulnCheck reports CVSS 4.0 9.3. EPSS estimates 96.3% exploit likelihood as of Aug 1, 2026.

82.9–87.1Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

SmarterTools SmarterMail versions prior to build 9511 contain an authentication bypass vulnerability in the password reset API. The force-reset-password endpoint permits anonymous requests and fails to verify the existing password or a reset token when resetting system administrator accounts. An unauthenticated attacker can supply a target administrator username and a new password to reset the account, resulting in full administrative compromise of the SmarterMail instance. NOTE: SmarterMail system administrator privileges grant the ability to execute operating system commands via built-in management functionality, effectively providing administrative (SYSTEM or root) access on the underlying host.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Jan 22, 2026
Updated
Aug 4, 2026
Evidence coverage
85%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

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  1. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: SmarterTools SmarterMail Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    SmarterTools SmarterMail Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 96.27% probability · 99.87th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.962680000000; percentile 0.998730000000
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    VulnCheck

    Record text: SmarterTools SmarterMail < Build 9511 Authentication Bypass via Password Reset API

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    SmarterTools SmarterMail < Build 9511 Authentication Bypass via Password Reset API
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Jan 26, 2026 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood96.27%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 1, 2026 · 99.9th percentile · first observed Aug 1, 2026

SeverityCVSS 9.3

VulnCheck · CVSS 4.0 · first observed Aug 4, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

SmarterTools SmarterMail Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
SmarterTools SmarterMail Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

96.27% probability · 99.87th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.962680000000; percentile 0.998730000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
VulnCheckOriginal assertion
Record text

SmarterTools SmarterMail < Build 9511 Authentication Bypass via Password Reset API

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
SmarterTools SmarterMail < Build 9511 Authentication Bypass via Password Reset API
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
1Underlying assertions
1Canonical products
1Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

2 scope groups

VulnCheck · source assertedSmarterToolsSmarterMailDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 100.0.9511 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "100.0.9511", "versionType": "custom"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONsmartertoolssmartermailVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 100.0.9511)Canonical identity product-56937b53f22f721fe9faee4c6c62db916745b96a744cf9ea39b119135982f43bLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:smartertools:smartermail:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 100.0.9511
    Match ID
    d508c7ea-385d-428c-acd3-9e2f93f0fb31

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

0 canonical links · 2 source-reported links

Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
7a332379-7240-434c-8963-c492be4bed89
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
3a9f5627-33d8-432f-8087-fb4c2a9dd8a2

Assessments

CVSS by origin

9.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.3
disclosure@vulncheck.comCVSS 4.0 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
9.3
VulnCheckCVSS 4.0 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

9.3Priority eligible

VulnCheck

CVSS 4.0 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
9.3
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.