CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2026-25089

A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') vulnerability in Fortinet FortiSandbox 5.0.0 through 5.0.5, FortiSandbox 4.4.0…

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Jul 16, 2026). psirt@fortinet.com reports CVSS 3.1 9.8. EPSS estimates 76.1% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

81.9–90.3Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') vulnerability in Fortinet FortiSandbox 5.0.0 through 5.0.5, FortiSandbox 4.4.0 through 4.4.8, FortiSandbox 4.2 all versions, FortiSandbox Cloud 5.0.4 through 5.0.5, FortiSandbox PaaS 5.0.4 through 5.0.5 may allow an unauthenticated attacker to execute unauthorized commands via specifically crafted HTTP requests

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Jun 9, 2026
Updated
Jul 17, 2026
Evidence coverage
85%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

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  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    fortinet

    Record text: A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') vulnerability in Fortinet FortiSandbox 5.0.0 through 5.0.5, FortiSandbox 4.4.0 through 4.4.8, FortiSandbox 4.2 all versions, FortiSandbox Cloud 5.0.4 through 5.0.5, FortiSandbox PaaS 5.0.4 through 5.0.5 may allow an unauthenticated attacker to execute unauthorized commands via specifically crafted HTTP requests

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') vulnerability in Fortinet FortiSandbox 5.0.0 through 5.0.5, FortiSandbox 4.4.0 through 4.4.8, FortiSandbox 4.2 all versions, FortiSandbox Cloud 5.0.4 through 5.0.5, FortiSandbox PaaS 5.0.4 through 5.0.5 may allow an unauthenticated attacker to execute unauthorized commands via specifically crafted HTTP requests
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Fortinet FortiSandbox OS Command Injection Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Fortinet FortiSandbox OS Command Injection Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 76.11% probability · 99.49th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.761120000000; percentile 0.994940000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Jul 16, 2026 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood76.11%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 99.5th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 9.8

psirt@fortinet.com · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 26, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
fortinetOriginal assertion
Record text

A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') vulnerability in Fortinet FortiSandbox 5.0.0 through 5.0.5, FortiSandbox 4.4.0 through 4.4.8, FortiSandbox 4.2 all versions, FortiSandbox Cloud 5.0.4 through 5.0.5, FortiSandbox PaaS 5.0.4 through 5.0.5 may allow an unauthenticated attacker to execute unauthorized commands via specifically crafted HTTP requests

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') vulnerability in Fortinet FortiSandbox 5.0.0 through 5.0.5, FortiSandbox 4.4.0 through 4.4.8, FortiSandbox 4.2 all versions, FortiSandbox Cloud 5.0.4 through 5.0.5, FortiSandbox PaaS 5.0.4 through 5.0.5 may allow an unauthenticated attacker to execute unauthorized commands via specifically crafted HTTP requests
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Fortinet FortiSandbox OS Command Injection Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Fortinet FortiSandbox OS Command Injection Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

76.11% probability · 99.49th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.761120000000; percentile 0.994940000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
5Underlying assertions
3Canonical products
5Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

6 scope groups

fortinet · source assertedFortinetFortiSandboxDirect source scope
Affected: 5.0.0 through 5.0.5 (semver comparison)Affected: 4.4.0 through 4.4.8 (semver comparison)Affected: 4.2.1 through 4.2.8 (semver comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "5.0.0", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.0.5"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "4.4.0", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "4.4.8"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "4.2.1", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "4.2.8"}]
fortinet · source assertedFortinetFortiSandbox CloudDirect source scope
Affected: 5.0.4 through 5.0.5 (semver comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "5.0.4", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.0.5"}]
fortinet · source assertedFortinetFortiSandbox PaaSDirect source scope
Affected: 5.0.4 through 5.0.5 (semver comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "5.0.4", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.0.5"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONfortinetfortisandboxVulnerable target · 3 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 4.2.0, <= 4.2.8); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 4.4.0, < 4.4.9); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 5.0.0, < 5.0.6)Canonical identity product-1f5c199a8a2834a86ce4443802a51bf27b28b0da1690e618f3ae259216f97ea8Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisandbox:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 5.0.0; through excluding 5.0.6
    Match ID
    3aaef316-2134-4398-911c-e7532cd3aff2
  2. cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisandbox:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 4.4.0; through excluding 4.4.9
    Match ID
    0025c9c0-8d61-4563-96f9-f4e09dd83b26
  3. cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisandbox:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 4.2.0; through including 4.2.8
    Match ID
    814d77be-f536-42de-b068-f92b95d68248
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONfortinetfortisandbox_cloudVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 5.0.4, < 5.0.6)Canonical identity product-76c8f8a5e1b9c78fb7fe26d5cdacf74cfb0f2780cfbb6f80bbdc3bef00b2668bLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisandbox_cloud:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 5.0.4; through excluding 5.0.6
    Match ID
    d479507f-4dd8-4455-a8db-138ad56c6822
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONfortinetfortisandbox_paasVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 5.0.4, < 5.0.6)Canonical identity product-3c1d26bcc212d76104304838091adef7f1596f998515fac146a1ee48633fca19Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisandbox_paas:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 5.0.4; through excluding 5.0.6
    Match ID
    61a9a2e9-3086-4172-b3a3-212873b8c4a9

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

0 canonical links · 2 source-reported links

Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
3
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
73bcc4b6-c136-4ea8-85ff-5b811711e24099613583-b061-46a6-b29c-482d7fd416d3e3e19501-8f69-451e-a06d-e7617b696467
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
5
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
7ebcab07-01e3-49d6-91e7-a942370bf446a4b93cab-679f-440b-99cc-3043fc2519a5aafb5a62-79ce-4111-be25-97a599bc93eaee770e77-7341-43bd-889b-a63fcea02479fb6607bd-ebd1-4db4-adab-110aae2d9fc1

Assessments

CVSS by origin

9.8
psirt@fortinet.comCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.1
fortinetCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:F/RL:O/RC:C

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

9.1Display only

fortinet

CVSS 3.1 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:F/RL:O/RC:C
Validation
Base mismatch
Recomputed
9.8
Decision reason
Outside current scoring policy
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.