CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2026-39808

A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') vulnerability in Fortinet FortiSandbox 4.4.0 through 4.4.8 may allow attacker to…

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Jul 16, 2026). psirt@fortinet.com reports CVSS 3.1 9.8. EPSS estimates 91.2% exploit likelihood as of Aug 18, 2026.

86.2–88.9Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') vulnerability in Fortinet FortiSandbox 4.4.0 through 4.4.8 may allow attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via <insert attack vector here>

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Apr 14, 2026
Updated
Jul 17, 2026
Evidence coverage
90%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

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  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    fortinet

    Record text: A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') vulnerability in Fortinet FortiSandbox 4.4.0 through 4.4.8 may allow attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via <insert attack vector here>

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') vulnerability in Fortinet FortiSandbox 4.4.0 through 4.4.8 may allow attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via <insert attack vector here>
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Fortinet FortiSandbox OS Command Injection Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Fortinet FortiSandbox OS Command Injection Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 91.21% probability · 99.8th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.912100000000; percentile 0.998010000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Jul 16, 2026 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood91.21%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 18, 2026 · 99.8th percentile · first observed Aug 18, 2026

SeverityCVSS 9.8

psirt@fortinet.com · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
fortinetOriginal assertion
Record text

A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') vulnerability in Fortinet FortiSandbox 4.4.0 through 4.4.8 may allow attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via <insert attack vector here>

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') vulnerability in Fortinet FortiSandbox 4.4.0 through 4.4.8 may allow attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via <insert attack vector here>
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Fortinet FortiSandbox OS Command Injection Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Fortinet FortiSandbox OS Command Injection Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

91.21% probability · 99.8th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.912100000000; percentile 0.998010000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
1Underlying assertions
1Canonical products
1Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

3 scope groups

fortinet · source assertedFortinetFortiSandboxDirect source scope
Affected: 4.4.0 through 4.4.8 (semver comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "4.4.0", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "4.4.8"}]
fortinet · source assertedFortinetFortiSandbox PaaSDirect source scope
Affected: 23.4.4374Affected: 23.4.4350Affected: 23.3.4329Affected: 23.1.4245Affected: 22.2.4151Affected: 22.2.4134Affected: 22.1.4113Affected: 21.4.4072Affected: 21.3.4055
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "23.4.4374"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "23.4.4350"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "23.3.4329"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "23.1.4245"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "22.2.4151"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "22.2.4134"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "22.1.4113"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "21.4.4072"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "21.3.4055"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONfortinetfortisandboxVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 4.4.0, <= 4.4.9)Canonical identity product-1f5c199a8a2834a86ce4443802a51bf27b28b0da1690e618f3ae259216f97ea8Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisandbox:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 4.4.0; through including 4.4.9
    Match ID
    94ffe14d-51ff-4d31-a0fd-5b0877081a04

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

1 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-a82aadab6a309189375ddbea412e10a6aef0b5411f0ae9526eeafad0e62c10e6 · product-1f5c199a8a2834a86ce4443802a51bf27b28b0da1690e618f3ae259216f97ea8

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
e43da97c-4b3c-4101-84ca-0b445397fd59
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
94d689a0-59d6-4d63-b70d-ffadc5f2afdbdf45d231-2cd4-4346-baf6-ae9de9130830

Assessments

CVSS by origin

9.8
psirt@fortinet.comCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.1
fortinetCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:F/RL:O/RC:C

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

9.1Display only

fortinet

CVSS 3.1 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:F/RL:O/RC:C
Validation
Base mismatch
Recomputed
9.8
Decision reason
Outside current scoring policy
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.