CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2026-42271

LiteLLM: Authenticated command execution via MCP stdio test endpoints

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Jun 8, 2026). GitHub_M reports CVSS 4.0 8.7. EPSS estimates 83.5% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

84.2–89.2Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

LiteLLM is a proxy server (AI Gateway) to call LLM APIs in OpenAI (or native) format. From version 1.74.2 to before version 1.83.7, two endpoints used to preview an MCP server before saving it — POST /mcp-rest/test/connection and POST /mcp-rest/test/tools/list — accepted a full server configuration in the request body, including the command, args, and env fields used by the stdio transport. When called with a stdio configuration, the endpoints attempted to connect, which spawned the supplied command as a subprocess on the proxy host with the privileges of the proxy process. The endpoints were gated only by a valid proxy API key, with no role check. Any authenticated user — including holders of low-privilege internal-user keys — could therefore run arbitrary commands on the host. This issue has been patched in version 1.83.7.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
May 8, 2026
Updated
Jul 15, 2026
Evidence coverage
90%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    GitHub_M

    Record text: LiteLLM: Authenticated command execution via MCP stdio test endpoints

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    LiteLLM: Authenticated command execution via MCP stdio test endpoints
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    redhat-SADP

    Record text: litellm: LiteLLM: Authenticated command execution via MCP stdio test endpoints

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    litellm: LiteLLM: Authenticated command execution via MCP stdio test endpoints
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: BerriAI LiteLLM Command Injection Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    BerriAI LiteLLM Command Injection Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 83.54% probability · 99.66th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.835370000000; percentile 0.996620000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Jun 8, 2026 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood83.54%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 99.7th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 8.7

GitHub_M · CVSS 4.0 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
GitHub_MOriginal assertion
Record text

LiteLLM: Authenticated command execution via MCP stdio test endpoints

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
LiteLLM: Authenticated command execution via MCP stdio test endpoints
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
redhat-SADPSource-declared origin
Record text

litellm: LiteLLM: Authenticated command execution via MCP stdio test endpoints

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
litellm: LiteLLM: Authenticated command execution via MCP stdio test endpoints
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

BerriAI LiteLLM Command Injection Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
BerriAI LiteLLM Command Injection Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

83.54% probability · 99.66th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.835370000000; percentile 0.996620000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
4Underlying assertions
2Canonical products
4Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 2 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

10 scope groups

GitHub_M · source assertedBerriAIlitellmDirect source scope
Affected: >= 1.74.2, < 1.83.7
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": ">= 1.74.2, < 1.83.7"}]
redhat-SADP · source assertedRed HatExploit IntelligenceDirect source scope
Version details are available in the raw assertion
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[]
redhat-SADP · source assertedRed HatRed Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2Direct source scope
Version details are available in the raw assertion
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[]
redhat-SADP · source assertedRed HatRed Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2Direct source scope
Version details are available in the raw assertion
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[]
redhat-SADP · source assertedRed HatRed Hat OpenShift AI 2.25Direct source scope
Unaffected: 1781826406 to before * (rpm comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "unaffected", "version": "1781826406", "lessThan": "*", "versionType": "rpm"}]
redhat-SADP · source assertedRed HatRed Hat OpenShift AI 3.3Direct source scope
Unaffected: 1782310008 to before * (rpm comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "unaffected", "version": "1782310008", "lessThan": "*", "versionType": "rpm"}]
redhat-SADP · source assertedRed HatRed Hat OpenShift AI 3.4Direct source scope
Unaffected: 1781622627 to before * (rpm comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "unaffected", "version": "1781622627", "lessThan": "*", "versionType": "rpm"}]
redhat-SADP · source assertedRed HatRed Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)Direct source scope
Version details are available in the raw assertion
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONlitellmlitellmVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 1.74.2, < 1.83.7)Canonical identity product-5141e2b1adff7522ee8ab4f9b3544b79fcd27991c598d33af802ee49f3fcbba2Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:litellm:litellm:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 1.74.2; through excluding 1.83.7
    Match ID
    d249dfdb-5d0d-4053-a997-0900f77f9a13
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONredhatopenshift_aiVulnerable target · 3 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 2.25, < 2.25.8); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 3.3, < 3.3.4); Version 3.4Canonical identity product-13baf3981ed6864dfd802ee5710300ce5fe2d52675a488db3063bf8bcd6ae72bLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    138068ca-95f4-496b-8056-94e24190b17f
  2. cpe:2.3:a:redhat:openshift_ai:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 2.25; through excluding 2.25.8
    Match ID
    2823bdad-b884-4664-93d8-a99dde5b230e
  3. cpe:2.3:a:redhat:openshift_ai:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 3.3; through excluding 3.3.4
    Match ID
    0653f079-4206-402f-af7e-c1a6b0c7d32b

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

2 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-c759fafc60d6abc1277ecbf1ee6294d1f25ae0a4c7d5d0d9355c414b2db182cc · product-13baf3981ed6864dfd802ee5710300ce5fe2d52675a488db3063bf8bcd6ae72b

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
3
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
0afbec0b-8c78-4f61-916e-b826ac79f6e860678f56-f350-486e-90a3-417255af004faf1e7966-047d-47fd-b8f3-ac85403de5a5
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-bb327ba3c1704ceb885fb5a7b5298623bd98fd3ad9e47f6cfe38630766fda9b4 · product-5141e2b1adff7522ee8ab4f9b3544b79fcd27991c598d33af802ee49f3fcbba2

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
00304c71-65d6-4a49-a705-a2978e473f94
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
8
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
5109d825-51d5-4d33-b411-01492b1070b267be26ce-9f3c-469e-9792-c6c6bb848c4b7412b8c3-ff7d-44ee-938c-35a1384ccf8e8d3800ba-70f1-4769-865e-b0c0617b55e98d46a1d6-01f4-412c-abc6-6cf9a2b7dfddc5349738-9f16-4865-8c1d-6b4578561761cc29bd82-3e3e-4aef-a87a-a0fe368da76eeaba6b04-9d99-4ef0-a394-8bc1effdc03d

Assessments

CVSS by origin

8.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.7
security-advisories@github.comCVSS 4.0 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
8.8
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.7
GitHub_MCVSS 4.0 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N
8.8
redhat-SADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

8.7Priority eligible

GitHub_M

CVSS 4.0 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
8.7
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
8.8Display only

redhat-SADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Unknown origin · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
8.8
Decision reason
Policy deferred
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.