Evidence dossier

CVE-2026-53266

netfilter: bridge: make ebt_snat ARP rewrite writable

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Sep 18, 2026). Linux reports CVSS 3.1 8.8. EPSS estimates 0.8% exploit likelihood as of Oct 22, 2026.

63.8–74.8Priority evidence range
Evidence through Oct 22, 2026, 6:07 PM UTC

As of Oct 22, 2026

Normalized restatement

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: bridge: make ebt_snat ARP rewrite writable The ebtables SNAT target keeps the Ethernet source address rewrite behind skb_ensure_writable(skb, 0). This is intentional: at the bridge ebtables hooks the Ethernet header is addressed through skb_mac_header()/eth_hdr(), while skb->data points at the Ethernet payload. Asking skb_ensure_writable() for ETH_HLEN bytes would check the payload, not the Ethernet header, and would reintroduce the small packet regression fixed by commit 63137bc5882a. However, the optional ARP sender hardware address rewrite is different. It writes through skb_store_bits() at an offset relative to skb->data: skb_store_bits(skb, sizeof(struct arphdr), info->mac, ETH_ALEN) skb_header_pointer() only safely reads the ARP header; it does not make the later sender hardware address range writable. If that range is still held in a nonlinear skb fragment backed by a splice-imported file page, skb_store_bits() maps the frag page and copies the new MAC address directly into it. Ensure the ARP SHA range is writable before reading the ARP header and before calling skb_store_bits().

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Jun 25, 2026
Updated
Sep 19, 2026
Evidence coverage
85%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Linux Kernel Out-of-Bounds Write Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Linux Kernel Out-of-Bounds Write Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    Linux

    Record text: netfilter: bridge: make ebt_snat ARP rewrite writable

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    netfilter: bridge: make ebt_snat ARP rewrite writable
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 0.83% probability · 57.02th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.008270000000; percentile 0.570230000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Sep 18, 2026 · first observed Sep 18, 2026

Exploit likelihood0.83%

FIRST EPSS · score date Oct 22, 2026 · 57th percentile · first observed Oct 22, 2026

SeverityCVSS 8.8

Linux · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Sep 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusLast verified source snapshot retained

The last verified source boundary remains in force for this claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Resolution
Review source contract
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Linux Kernel Out-of-Bounds Write Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Linux Kernel Out-of-Bounds Write Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
LinuxOriginal assertion
Record text

netfilter: bridge: make ebt_snat ARP rewrite writable

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
netfilter: bridge: make ebt_snat ARP rewrite writable
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

0.83% probability · 57.02th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.008270000000; percentile 0.570230000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
15Underlying assertions
1Canonical products
15Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

3 scope groups

Linux · source assertedLinuxLinuxDirect source scope
Affected: 63137bc5882a1882c553d389fdeeeace86ee1741 to before bf84ad7c7a9ede46e31afaa41a1ba06a159e8c87 (git comparison)Affected: 63137bc5882a1882c553d389fdeeeace86ee1741 to before 76280b78cc9f23bdc6438e10ad6dff148ef8375b (git comparison)Affected: 63137bc5882a1882c553d389fdeeeace86ee1741 to before b7e91939ba9be805a62a257fa4e227dffbb88fa0 (git comparison)Affected: 63137bc5882a1882c553d389fdeeeace86ee1741 to before afd64b59c3de9bbbdd3759e834fdc55cda716e0b (git comparison)Affected: 63137bc5882a1882c553d389fdeeeace86ee1741 to before 153ea96c806aea395daba907a4f88480b6ad5093 (git comparison)Affected: 63137bc5882a1882c553d389fdeeeace86ee1741 to before b18675263db1147c8e1cab625400c13a0d87bd2d (git comparison)Affected: 63137bc5882a1882c553d389fdeeeace86ee1741 to before c9b5ff59feffb92a147a84a5aa28acd2cb8ff4c5 (git comparison)Affected: 63137bc5882a1882c553d389fdeeeace86ee1741 to before 67ba971ae02514d85818fe0c32549ab4bfa3bf49 (git comparison)Affected: 2f3839075a5f8dcf116c1abe35b36b018ac62445 (git comparison)Affected: 51ba2945a8ef65ae437c8f9ba05f0343aa82ae5b (git comparison)Affected: b7d23c2c87584eb429f115c078ed511be8b18e29 (git comparison)Affected: 5.4.73 to before 5.5 (semver comparison)Affected: 5.8.17 to before 5.9 (semver comparison)Affected: 5.9.2 to before 5.10 (semver comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "63137bc5882a1882c553d389fdeeeace86ee1741", "lessThan": "bf84ad7c7a9ede46e31afaa41a1ba06a159e8c87", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "63137bc5882a1882c553d389fdeeeace86ee1741", "lessThan": "76280b78cc9f23bdc6438e10ad6dff148ef8375b", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "63137bc5882a1882c553d389fdeeeace86ee1741", "lessThan": "b7e91939ba9be805a62a257fa4e227dffbb88fa0", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "63137bc5882a1882c553d389fdeeeace86ee1741", "lessThan": "afd64b59c3de9bbbdd3759e834fdc55cda716e0b", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "63137bc5882a1882c553d389fdeeeace86ee1741", "lessThan": "153ea96c806aea395daba907a4f88480b6ad5093", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "63137bc5882a1882c553d389fdeeeace86ee1741", "lessThan": "b18675263db1147c8e1cab625400c13a0d87bd2d", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "63137bc5882a1882c553d389fdeeeace86ee1741", "lessThan": "c9b5ff59feffb92a147a84a5aa28acd2cb8ff4c5", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "63137bc5882a1882c553d389fdeeeace86ee1741", "lessThan": "67ba971ae02514d85818fe0c32549ab4bfa3bf49", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "2f3839075a5f8dcf116c1abe35b36b018ac62445", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "51ba2945a8ef65ae437c8f9ba05f0343aa82ae5b", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "b7d23c2c87584eb429f115c078ed511be8b18e29", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5.4.73", "lessThan": "5.5", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5.8.17", "lessThan": "5.9", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5.9.2", "lessThan": "5.10", "versionType": "semver"}]
Linux · source assertedLinuxLinuxDirect source scope
Affected: 5.10Unaffected: 0 to before 5.10 (semver comparison)Unaffected: 5.10.259 through 5.10.* (semver comparison)Unaffected: 5.15.210 through 5.15.* (semver comparison)Unaffected: 6.1.176 through 6.1.* (semver comparison)Unaffected: 6.6.143 through 6.6.* (semver comparison)Unaffected: 6.12.94 through 6.12.* (semver comparison)Unaffected: 6.18.36 through 6.18.* (semver comparison)Unaffected: 7.0.13 through 7.0.* (semver comparison)Unaffected: 7.1 through * (original_commit_for_fix comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "5.10"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "5.10", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "5.10.259", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "5.15.210", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.1.176", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.143", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.94", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.18.36", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "7.0.13", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "7.0.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "7.1", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix", "lessThanOrEqual": "*"}]
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMlinuxlinux_kernelVulnerable target · 15 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 5.11, < 5.15.210); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 5.16, < 6.1.176); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 5.4.73, < 5.5); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 5.8.17, < 5.9); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 5.9.2, < 5.10.259); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 6.13, < 6.18.36); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 6.19, < 7.0.13); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 6.2, < 6.6.143); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 6.7, < 6.12.94); Version 7.1Canonical identity product-0eda7a801761be4590f267cf319481c8c0aaa30546d99cc064edf77989ce05c9Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 7
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 6.13; through excluding 6.18.36
    Match ID
    389025d2-958d-41bd-bd96-70ed1033a9f3
  2. cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 5.16; through excluding 6.1.176
    Match ID
    c4446623-5f2b-4dd8-8666-9faac285a757
  3. cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 5.8.17; through excluding 5.9
    Match ID
    befc3ace-365d-48e7-9c0a-019c74cc0725
  4. cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 8
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 6.19; through excluding 7.0.13
    Match ID
    6a64bf9f-3bca-42fd-98cb-8f03474d2b1e
  5. cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.1:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 13
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    81dff19e-9cf8-49c6-8c36-1e4038622933
  6. cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 6.2; through excluding 6.6.143
    Match ID
    9062f1cd-cad6-4ea2-a73f-c06d4a887b8c
  7. cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 6
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 6.7; through excluding 6.12.94
    Match ID
    85421c0c-abde-4357-971c-67f9087de1b9
  8. cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.1:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 12
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    e5910a9d-f60a-409a-b486-fe66bfeba9b9
  9. cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.1:rc6:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 14
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    b0e8fc71-3952-444c-83e9-718dbbbec615
  10. cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.1:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 11
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    ec732d08-5f7b-46d9-b154-e60c7f4f0a97
  11. cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 5.11; through excluding 5.15.210
    Match ID
    5e938cdf-d1c4-43d0-98dc-9e11b6b55801
  12. cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.1:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 10
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    0d38f0bf-a728-4133-a358-d44a2f7ee6d6
  13. cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.1:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 9
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    b1ef7059-e670-45f4-b422-54c40fa86390
  14. cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 5.4.73; through excluding 5.5
    Match ID
    886ab560-b760-44f0-ad89-3f275e4c0f58
  15. cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 5.9.2; through excluding 5.10.259
    Match ID
    992ffb71-217e-40a6-b8bd-5aa742898f28

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

0 canonical links · 2 source-reported links

Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
1a2feeac-a84a-4dfd-a404-2f90b9f8d28220bc1faa-84ae-4574-b809-a6ace256d79c
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
15
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
0ddbb354-0c21-45dc-8fc9-e14c897daca722939675-d9f6-436c-a209-561b1554052e25a45883-5626-429d-ac35-9ec8ba23b3da34442a0c-2984-4e07-8c11-fc7123120bfc39e87b92-46c8-404a-8199-6ac656bd26003d273028-7c16-4b1a-8757-91117cd7137e3f438977-9420-4124-831c-7954bb87cdfc73fa59fd-68a2-4a8b-b450-f1408f7d08428242bb24-f9a8-4087-b61c-25ae06874b82a098014b-c08e-47e6-b56a-3139ee3d414aa1710af8-bdb0-434d-a767-ff9dc267ad15a8c0bf5c-f902-4cf8-8469-912c80df4728c743728b-2bc3-49e6-a3d9-766076f1e214c8d686b1-c83d-408c-a23f-76a7ad8d8210ec2e466f-2fdf-4035-b570-c77ddee2598f

Assessments

CVSS by origin

8.8
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8
LinuxCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

8.8Priority eligible

Linux

CVSS 3.1 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
8.8
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.