CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2026-56291

Joomla Extension - balbooa.com - Unauthenticated file upload in Balbooa Forms extension < 2.4.1

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Jul 10, 2026). Joomla reports CVSS 4.0 10.0. EPSS estimates 14.6% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

72.6–76.8Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

Joomla Extension - balbooa.com - Unauthenticated file upload in Balbooa Forms extension < 2.4.1 - The Joomla extension Balbooa Forms is vulnerable to an unauthenticated arbitrary file upload that allows uploading executable files and leads to full RCE.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Jul 9, 2026
Updated
Jul 23, 2026
Evidence coverage
85%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

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  1. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Balbooa Forms Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Balbooa Forms Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    Joomla

    Record text: Joomla Extension - balbooa.com - Unauthenticated file upload in Balbooa Forms extension < 2.4.1

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Joomla Extension - balbooa.com - Unauthenticated file upload in Balbooa Forms extension < 2.4.1
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 14.59% probability · 96.39th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.145950000000; percentile 0.963850000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Jul 10, 2026 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood14.59%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 96.4th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 10.0

Joomla · CVSS 4.0 · first observed Jul 27, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Balbooa Forms Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Balbooa Forms Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
JoomlaOriginal assertion
Record text

Joomla Extension - balbooa.com - Unauthenticated file upload in Balbooa Forms extension < 2.4.1

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Joomla Extension - balbooa.com - Unauthenticated file upload in Balbooa Forms extension < 2.4.1
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

14.59% probability · 96.39th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.145950000000; percentile 0.963850000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
1Underlying assertions
1Canonical products
1Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

2 scope groups

Joomla · source assertedbalbooa.combalbooa.com Balbooa Forms extension for JoomlaDirect source scope
Affected: 1.0-2.4.0
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "1.0-2.4.0"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONbalbooaformsVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 2.4.1)Canonical identity product-ccbd44bb6cb7a826e2f51b4f9f2781aeb9b5be71221cc8aae39b37739bc0611dLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:balbooa:forms:*:*:*:*:*:joomla\!:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 2.4.1
    Match ID
    a5149f96-a82c-4c48-b4a5-d8ad99418d47

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

0 canonical links · 2 source-reported links

Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
b79e1d8a-099c-4bc3-8a80-646c24726a08
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
90125968-b16f-4c66-8958-9092ee10ec4f

Assessments

CVSS by origin

9.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
10.0
security@joomla.orgCVSS 4.0 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:A/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:Y/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:Red
10.0
JoomlaCVSS 4.0 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:A/AU:Y/U:Red

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

10.0Priority eligible

Joomla

CVSS 4.0 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:A/AU:Y/U:Red
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
10.0
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.